Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
Amand F. Schmidt, Daniel I. Swerdlow, Rupert Faraway, Chris Finan, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Riyaz S. Patel & Aroon D. Hingorani
Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Amand F. Schmidt & Folkert W. Asselbergs
UCL’s BHF Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
Amand F. Schmidt, Spiros Denaxas, Ghazaleh Fatemifar, Chris Finan, Dennis Valentine, Harry Hemingway, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Riyaz S. Patel & Aroon D. Hingorani
Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Michael V. Holmes & David Preiss
Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
Daniel I. Swerdlow
Health Data Research UK, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
Spiros Denaxas, Ghazaleh Fatemifar & Harry Hemingway
Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
Spiros Denaxas, Ghazaleh Fatemifar & Harry Hemingway
The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB, UK
Spiros Denaxas
University College London, Farr Institute of Health Informatics, London, UK
Dennis Valentine, Caroline Dale & Rui Providencia E. Costa
Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
Zammy Fairhurst-Hunter & Jemma C. Hopewell
Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
Fernando Pires Hartwig & Bernardo Lessa Horta
Centre for Population Health Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
Elina Hypponen
Population, Policy and Practice, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
Elina Hypponen & Christine Power
South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
Elina Hypponen & Max Moldovan
Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Erik van Iperen & Pim van der Harst
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics And Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Erik van Iperen & Pim van der Harst
Department of vascular medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Kees Hovingh
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Berlin, Germany
Ilja Demuth & Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
Ilja Demuth
Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
Kristina Norman
Geriatrics Research Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
Kristina Norman
Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
Kristina Norman
E.CA Economics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
Juri Demuth
Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics & Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Lars Bertram
Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Dept. Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Lars Bertram
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics & Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Christina M. Lill
Institute of Human Genetics, Lübeck, Germany
Christina M. Lill
Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
Christina M. Lill
Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
Stefan Coassin
Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Johann Willeit, Stefan Kiechl & Karin Willeit
Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Karin Willeit
Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
Dan Mason & John Wright
Department Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
Richard Morris & Goya Wanamethee
Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
Peter Whincup
Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Yoav Ben-Shlomo
Centre for Population Health Sciences, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Stela McLachlan & Jackie F. Price
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
Mika Kivimaki, Catherine Welch, Adelaida Sanchez-Galvez, Martin Bobak & Hynek Pikhart
Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
Pedro Marques-Vidal
Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
Andrew Nicolaides
Department of Surgery, Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
Andrew Nicolaides
Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
Andrie G. Panayiotou, Michiel L. Bots & Diederick E. Grobbee
Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
N. Charlotte Onland-Moret & Yvonne T. van der Schouw
Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
Giuseppe Matullo, Giovanni Fiorito & Simonetta Guarrera
Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Giuseppe Matullo, Giovanni Fiorito & Simonetta Guarrera
Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
Carlotta Sacerdote
MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Nicholas J. Wareham, Claudia Langenberg, Robert A. Scott & Jian’an Luan
Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Sofia Malyutina
Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Sofia Malyutina
Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
Andrzej Pająk
National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
Ruzena Kubinova
Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
Abdonas Tamosiunas
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Niels Grarup, Oluf Pedersen & Torben Hansen
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Allan Linneberg
Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, The Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
Allan Linneberg & Tine Jess
Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
Jackie Cooper & Steve E. Humphries
Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, USA
Murray Brilliant & Terrie Kitchner
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
Hakon Hakonarson
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
Catherine A. McCarty
Geisinger, Danville, USA
Kirchner H. Lester
Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
David S. Carrell & Eric B. Larson
Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA
David R. Crosslin
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
Mariza de Andrade
Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
Dan M. Roden
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
Joshua C. Denny
WHI, Seattle, USA
Cara Carty
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
Stephen Hancock, John Attia, Elizabeth Holliday & Rodney Scott
Public Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
John Attia & Elizabeth Holliday
Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
Peter Schofield
Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Martin O’Donnell, Salim Yusuf, Michael Chong & Guillaume Pare
Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Pim van der Harst
Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Pim van der Harst, M. Abdullah Said, Ruben N. Eppinga & Niek Verweij
Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Harold Snieder
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Tim Christen & D. O. Mook-Kanamori
Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Stefan Gustafsson & Erik Ingelsson
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
Lars Lind & Erik Ingelsson
Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Lars Lind
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Raha Pazoki, Oscar Franco, Albert Hofman, Andre Uitterlinden & Abbas Dehghan
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
Raha Pazoki
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Alexander Teumer, Sebastian Baumeister & Henry Völzke
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Alexander Teumer, Marcus Dörr, Uwe Völker & Henry Völzke
Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
Sebastian Baumeister
Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Marcus Dörr
Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Markus M. Lerch
Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Uwe Völker
Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, Scotland, UK
Joey Ward & Jill P. Pell
Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Tom Meade
The Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
Ingrid E. Christophersen
Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Anke H. Maitland-van der Zee
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Anke H. Maitland-van der Zee
Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Ekaterina V. Baranova, Robin Young & Ian Ford
Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Archie Campbell
Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
Sandosh Padmanabhan & Naveed Sattar
CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, 59000, Lille, France
Philippe Froguel, Dorothée Thuillier & Amélie Bonnefond
Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, London, United Kingdom
Philippe Froguel
INSERM, U-1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
Ronan Roussel
UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
Ronan Roussel
Départment de Diabétologie, Endocrinologie et Nutrition, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicha, Paris, France
Ronan Roussel
l’institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
Bertrand Cariou
Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, UK
Melissa Smart
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
Yanchun Bao & Anubha Mahajan
Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
Meena Kumari & Sudha Seshadri
Harvard Medical School Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
Paul M. Ridker & Daniel I. Chasman
UWash, Seattle, USA
Alex P. Reiner
Penn State, State College, USA
Marylyn D. Ritchie
University of Colorado Denver, Denver, USA
Leslie A. Lange
Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
Alex J. Cornish, Sara E. Dobbins, Ben Kinnersley, Philip Law, Helen Speedy, Ni Li, Molly Went, Amit Sud & Richard Houlston
Div. Molecular Genetic Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
Kari Hemminki
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
Kari Hemminki
The Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière – ICM, Paris, France
Marc Sanson & Karim Labreche
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013, Paris, France
Marc Sanson & Karim Labreche
Department of Neurosurgery, Bethel Clinic, Kantensiek 11, 33617, Bielefeld, Germany
Matthias Simon
Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
Melissa Bondy
Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
James Allan
Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
Niels Weinhold & Gareth Morgan
Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Pieter Sonneveld
Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
Björn Nilsson
University Clinic Heidelberg, Internal Medicine V and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
Hartmut Goldschmidt
Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Andreas Engert
Hematology Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Skåne, Sweden
Markus Hansson
Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Markus Hansson
The National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
Harry Hemingway
Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Folkert W. Asselbergs
The Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
Riyaz S. Patel
UPenn, Philadelphia, USA
Brendan J. Keating
Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC) Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, USA
Juan P. Casas
AFS, DIS, MVH, RSP, FWA, JPC, BJK, ADH, DP, NS contributed to the idea and design of the study. AFS, DIS, MVH, designed the analysis scripts shared with individual centres. AFS performed the meta-analysis and had access to all the data. The authors jointly drafted the manuscript, and contributed to subsequent critical revisions. All authors have approved the submitted manuscript, and take responsibility for the integrity and the accuracy of the data and presented results.