Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of the discrete event simulation model. EP, electrophysiologist; CBA, cryoballoon ablation; RFA, irrigated point-by-point radiofrequency ablation; PVI, pulmonary vein isolation. The figure represents a schematic diagram of the discrete event simulation model. On each day, patients arrive at the EP lab for the PVI procedure and experience a one-time delay prior to being available for the case (including a “no delay” time option). When the patient is available, the case will proceed with a randomly selected procedure duration according to the FREEZE Cohort procedure time distribution. Once the procedure is over, the patient leaves the EP lab