Increased expression of NF-AT3 and NF-AT4 in the atria correlates with procollagen I carboxyl terminal peptide and TGF-β1 levels in serum of patients with atrial fibrillation

Table 2 PIIINP, PINP, PICP, and TGF-β1 blood levels

	PeAF + VHD (n = 30)	PaAF + VHD (n = 30)	SR + VHD (n = 30)	SR + CHD (n = 10)
PIIINP (ng/ml)	88.03 ± 46.08^b,c	72.96 ± 43.30^d	52.50 ± 29.32^e	14.09 ± 2.732
PINP (ng/ml)	45.41 ± 42.17^c	34.82 ± 28.60	18.95 ± 17.34	6.940 ± 3.007
TGF-β1 (pg/ml)	49.01 ± 28.67^a,b,c	27.96 ± 13.16^d	24.09 ± 14.10	11.43 ± 2.695
PICP (ng/ml)	43.42 ± 3.699^a,b,c	36.06 ± 7.710^d	29.75 ± 9.241^e	12.52 ± 3.033

Data are presented as n or mean ± standard deviation.
CHD, Congenital heart disease; PaAF, Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; PeAF, Persistent atrial fibrillation; PICP, carboxyl-terminal peptide from pro-collagen I; PINP, N-terminal type I procollagen propeptides; PIIINP, N-terminal type III procollagen propeptides; SR, Sinus rhythm; VHD, Valvular heart disease.
^aPeAF + VHD vs. PaAF + VHD; P < 0.05. ^bPeAF + VHD vs. SR + VHD; P < 0.05. ^cPeAF + VHD vs. SR + CHD; P < 0.05. ^dPaAF + VHD vs. SR + CHD; P < 0.05. ^eSR + VHD vs. SR + CHD; P < 0.05.

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