Parameter | Operational definition (Ref. [13]) |
---|---|
LVSD - All measurements are averages of three measurements - If any one of the three measurements was positive then it was considered enough to define LV systolic dysfunction except in patients with LVH where the presence of LVEF ≤ 50% is mandatory to define LVSDa | LVEF < 50% (biplane Simpson’s method) |
S’ wave velocity < 8 (TDI) (Ref. [14]) | |
Septal MAPSE < 7 mm Lateral MAPSE < 8 mm (Ref. [15]) | |
LVDD is defined as any measurement which fell outside of the depicted values for E/A ratio and deceleration time (normal ranges). - A combination of 3 positive findings were considered to define diastolic dysfunction. | Normal values for E/A ratio and deceleration time |
E/A ratio = 0.8 - 1.5 | |
Deceleration time = 140 – 240 ms | |
Septal E/e’ ratio >15 | |
e’ Lateral < 10 (age < 55), < 9 (age 55 - 65) < 8 (age > 65) | |
Grade I LVDD | E/A < 0.8, Reduced e’ for age (Ref. [16]) |
Grade II LVDD | E/A > 0.8, Reduced e’ for age, Dilated left atrium (Ref. [16]) |
Grade III LVDD | E/A > 1.5, Reduced e’ for age E-wave DT < 140 ms |