Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants
Characteristics | Total (n = 4584) | Q1(< 3.93) (n = 1146) | Q2 (3.93–4.73) (n = 1146) | Q3 (4.73–5.83) (n = 1142) | Q4 (> 5.83) (n = 1150) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age(years) | 75.1 ± 12.3 | 74.9 ± 12.2 | 76.4 ± 12.2 | 75.5 ± 12.0 | 73.8 ± 12.5 | < 0.001 |
gender, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.469 |
Female | 1969 (43.0) | 479 (41.8) | 511 (44.6) | 497 (43.5) | 482 (41.9) | Â |
Male | 2615 (57.0) | 667 (58.2) | 635 (55.4) | 645 (56.5) | 668 (58.1) | Â |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.3 ± 8.0 | 29.2 ± 6.8 | 29.0 ± 7.9 | 29.2 ± 8.3 | 29.7 ± 8.6 | 0.493 |
SBP (mmHg) | 116.8 ± 17.2 | 124.6 ± 17.9 | 118.6 ± 16.8 | 114.1 ± 16.0 | 110.0 ± 14.3 | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 62.9 ± 11.4 | 67.5 ± 12.4 | 63.4 ± 11.1 | 61.2 ± 10.5 | 59.4 ± 9.8 | < 0.001 |
Heart rate, beats/min | 86.8 ± 17.9 | 82.2 ± 17.1 | 85.9 ± 17.4 | 88.3 ± 17.9 | 90.9 ± 18.1 | < 0.001 |
Respiratory rate, beats/min | 20.1 ± 3.8 | 19.5 ± 3.3 | 20.1 ± 3.6 | 20.4 ± 4.0 | 20.5 ± 4.3 | < 0.001 |
hypertension, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 4049 (88.7) | 902 (78.8) | 1010 (88.6) | 1038 (91.6) | 1099 (96) | Â |
Yes | 514 (11.3) | 243 (21.2) | 130 (11.4) | 95 (8.4) | 46 (4) | Â |
Diabetes, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.025 |
No | 3404 (74.3) | 871 (76) | 872 (76.1) | 814 (71.3) | 847 (73.7) | Â |
Yes | 1180 (25.7) | 275 (24) | 274 (23.9) | 328 (28.7) | 303 (26.3) | Â |
Myocardial infarct, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.73 |
No | 3525 (76.9) | 888 (77.5) | 877 (76.5) | 867 (75.9) | 893 (77.7) | Â |
Yes | 1059 (23.1) | 258 (22.5) | 269 (23.5) | 275 (24.1) | 257 (22.3) | Â |
Congestive heart failure, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 2354 (51.4) | 699 (61) | 527 (46) | 549 (48.1) | 579 (50.3) | Â |
Yes | 2230 (48.6) | 447 (39) | 619 (54) | 593 (51.9) | 571 (49.7) | Â |
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 3629 (79.2) | 767 (66.9) | 895 (78.1) | 974 (85.3) | 993 (86.3) | Â |
Yes | 955 (20.8) | 379 (33.1) | 251 (21.9) | 168 (14.7) | 157 (13.7) | Â |
Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 3251 (70.9) | 887 (77.4) | 762 (66.5) | 778 (68.1) | 824 (71.7) | Â |
Yes | 1333 (29.1) | 259 (22.6) | 384 (33.5) | 364 (31.9) | 326 (28.3) | Â |
hemoglobin/dl | 10.1 ± 2.3 | 11.6 ± 2.1 | 10.4 ± 2.1 | 9.6 ± 2.1 | 8.8 ± 1.9 | < 0.001 |
WBC,109/L | 15.1 ± 13.8 | 13.1 ± 9.0 | 14.2 ± 11.5 | 15.6 ± 16.0 | 17.4 ± 16.8 | < 0.001 |
platelets, 109/L | 183.8 ± 99.0 | 187.4 ± 76.1 | 188.1 ± 93.9 | 183.2 ± 99.0 | 176.5 ± 121.2 | 0.018 |
creatinine, mg/dl | 1.3 (0.9, 2.1) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.5) | 1.6 (1.0, 2.7) | < 0.001 |
BUN, mg/dl | 29.0 (19.0, 48.0) | 22.0 (16.0, 31.0) | 27.0 (19.0, 46.0) | 35.0 (22.0, 55.0) | 36.0 (23.0, 58.0) | < 0.001 |
glucose, mg/dl | 150.0 (119.0, 203.5) | 146.0 (118.0, 191.8) | 149.0 (119.0, 199.0) | 153.0 (122.0, 208.8) | 152.0 (119.0, 211.0) | 0.049 |
lactate, mmol/L | 2.3 (1.5, 4.2) | 2.2 (1.5, 3.4) | 2.1 (1.4, 3.5) | 2.3 (1.4, 4.4) | 2.8 (1.6, 5.8) | < 0.001 |
ALT, U/L | 26.0 (16.0, 61.0) | 23.0 (16.0, 41.0) | 25.0 (16.0, 59.0) | 29.0 (17.0, 75.0) | 32.0 (16.0, 81.5) | < 0.001 |
AST, U/L | 39.0 (24.0, 90.0) | 32.0 (23.0, 56.0) | 37.0 (24.0, 82.0) | 45.0 (25.0, 110.0) | 50.0 (26.0, 133.0) | < 0.001 |
INR | 1.5 (1.2, 2.1) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.7) | 1.4 (1.2, 2.2) | 1.5 (1.3, 2.2) | 1.6 (1.3, 2.3) | < 0.001 |
Albumin, g/dl | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 3.4 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 |
RDW, % | 15.5 ± 2.3 | 13.7 ± 0.9 | 14.8 ± 1.4 | 15.9 ± 1.9 | 17.5 ± 2.8 | < 0.001 |
RAR [%/(g/dl)] | 5.1 ± 1.6 | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 7.3 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 |
hospital mortality, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 3652 (79.7) | 1017 (88.7) | 959 (83.7) | 903 (79.1) | 773 (67.2) | Â |
Yes | 932 (20.3) | 129 (11.3) | 187 (16.3) | 239 (20.9) | 377 (32.8) | Â |