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Table 2 Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models (stepwise selection) in the entire cohort for the primary outcome of all-cause mortality or heart failure hospitalisation

From: Global longitudinal strain and plasma biomarkers for prognosis in heart failure complicated by diabetes: a prospective observational study

 

Univariable Model

Multivariable Model

(n = 314)

HR (95% CI)

P Value

HR (95% CI)

p Value

Clinical

    

Age (per 10-year increment)

1.20

(0.97–1.47)

0.101

  

Male sex

0.82

(0.44–1.53)

0.537

  

Body mass index

0.97

(0.93–1.01)

0.137

  

Smoking

1.17

(0.74–1.86)

0.503

  

Hypertension

0.86

(0.54–1.37)

0.528

  

Diabetes

2.33

(1.43–3.79)

< 0.001

2.30

(1.41–3.74)

< 0.001

Coronary artery disease

1.54

(0.94–2.53)

0.090

  

NYHA Functional Class

1.61

(1.15–2.25)

0.006

§

 

Systolic blood pressure (per 10mmHg increment)

0.88

(0.78–0.98)

0.020

§

 

Plasma Biomarkers

    

NT-proBNP (per 100pg/mL increment)

1.01

(1.01–1.02)

< 0.001

1.01

(1.00-1.01)

0.02

hs-TnT (per 1ng/L increment)

1.01

(1.01–1.02)

< 0.001

§

 

GDF-15 (per 100pg/mL increment)

1.02

(1.01–1.03)

< 0.001

§

 

sST2 (per 1ng/mL increment)

1.02

(1.01–1.04)

0.004

§

 

Gal-3 (per 1ng/mL increment)

1.09

(1.04–1.14)

< 0.001

§

 

CMR Markers

    

LVEDVi (per 10mL/m2 increment)

1.07

(1.03–1.12)

< 0.001

§

 

LVMi (per 10 g/m2 increment)

1.10

(1.01–1.22)

0.032

§

 

LV ejection fraction (per 5% increment)

0.90

(0.83-1.00)

0.010

§

 

GLS (per 1% increment)

1.16

(1.09–1.24)

< 0.001

1.14

(1.06–1.22)

< 0.001

Presence of LGE

1.94

(1.10–3.42)

0.022

§

 

Native T1 (per 10ms increment)

1.09

(1.04–1.15)

< 0.001

§

 

ECV (per 1% increment)

1.06

(1.02–1.11)

0.005

§

 
  1. Abbreviations:; NYHA: New York Heart Association; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; hs-TnT: high-sensitivity troponin T; GDF-15: growth differentiation factor 15; sST2: soluble ST2; Gal-3: galectin 3; LVEDVi: Left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area; LVMi: Left ventricular mass index; GLS: Global longitudinal strain; LGE: Late gadolinium enhancement; ECV: Extracellular volume. § Assessed for inclusion in multivariable model but not retained