Hypertension in non-obese children and BMI in adulthood: the Bogalusa heart study

Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants by hypertension status

Variables	Without HTN (1071)	With HTN (40)	Total	P value*
Age,y^b	29.28 ± 5.13	29.85 ± 4.89		0.491
Sex			1111	0.609
Male, n (%)	417 (96.77%)	14 (3.23%)	431
Female, n (%)	654 (96.18%)	26 (3.82%)	680
Race			1111	< 0.001
White, n (%)	766 (97.71%)	18 (2.29%)	774
Black, n (%)	305 (93.31%)	22 (6.69%)	327
BMI, kg/m^2b	27.4 ± 6.8	34.7 ± 9.5		< 0.001
BMI classification^b			1111	< 0.001
BMI < 25 kg/m², n (%)	462(98.93%)	5(1.07%)	431
Overweight, n (%)	303(96.81)	10(3.19%)	313
Obesity, n (%)	306(92.45%)	25(7.55%)	331
HDL-C, mg/dL^a	49.2 ± 13.9	46.6 ± 11.1		0.255
LDL-C, mg/dL^a	12.9 ± 11.0	18.8 ± 19.3		0.857
TC, mg/dL^a	189.8 ± 38.6	194.8 ± 47.9		0.430
TG, mg/dL^a	112.4 ± 94.5	153.2 ± 281.0		0.912
FBG,mg/dL^a	80.0 ± 11.0	95.3 ± 49.4		< 0.001
Insulin, µU/mL^a	12.9 ± 11.0	18.8 ± 19.3		0.002
Pulse, beats per min^a	71.8 ± 10.0	69.3 ± 14.2		0.126
DBP, mmHg^b	73.8 ± 8.9	81.8 ± 11.2		< 0.001
SBP, mmHg^b	111.0 ± 11.4	122.0 ± 14.0		< 0.001
Smoking status^b			1043^	0.400
No, n(%)	624 (97.20%)	18 (2.80%)	642
Yes, n(%)	386 (96.26%)	15 (3.74%)	401
Drinking status^b			1073^	0.218
No, (%)	751 (97.15%)	22 (2.85%)	773
Yes, (%)	287 (95.67%)	13 (4.33%)	300

* Kruskal‒Wallis test was used to assess for differences in continuous variables, and Fisher’s test was used for categorical variables. The chi-square test was used to compare characteristics between groups.
a: Measurements were obtained from the first cross-sectional examination performed during childhood; b:Measurements were obtained from the cross-sectional examination performed during adulthood.
^ The sample size used to calculate the statistics was smaller than the total sample size due to the lack of information on smoking status and alcohol consumption for some adult participants.

ISSN: 1471-2261