Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients undergoing TAVR in the United States from 2016 to 2020

Age, yrs, mean (SD)

78.9 (8.5)

78.5 (8.6)

80.4 (7.7)

72.2 (10.0)

< 0.001

Female sex, %

44.4

46.9

39.8

35.9

< 0.001

Race, %

White

84.6

86.1

83.7

64.0

< 0.001

Black

4.0

3.0

4.6

17.4

< 0.001

Hispanic

4.6

4.3

4.6

9.4

< 0.001

Other

3.7

3.6

3.7

6.5

< 0.001

Missing data

3.1

3.0

3.4

2.7

Comorbidities

Prior AMI, %

12.2

10.9

14.7

15.7

< 0.001

Prior PCI, %

21.9

21.3

23.3

20.4

< 0.001

Prior CABG, %

15.4

14.4

17.9

13.0

< 0.001

PAD, %

7.3

6.7

8.5

8.2

< 0.001

Heart failure, %

66.2

61.8

75.2

75.3

< 0.001

Atrial fibrillation, %

37.3

34.9

42.9

38.3

< 0.001

CHA₂DS₂-VASc, mean (SD)

4.6 (1.4)

4.46 (1.5)

4.94 (1.4)

4.52 (1.5)

< 0.001

Obesity, %

20.3

19.9

21.5

18.4

< 0.001

Hypertension, %

89.8

87.1

95.1

96.4

< 0.001

Diabetes, %

37.7

32.6

46.8

58.6

< 0.001

Hyperlipidemia, %

72.3

72.3

73.6

62.0

< 0.001

Tobacco use, %

40.3

41.0

39.4

34.4

< 0.001

COPD, %

20.5

19.4

23.1

21.2

< 0.001

Pulmonary hypertension, %

15.6

14.1

19.0

24.6

< 0.001

Prior stroke, %

13.5

12.9

14.7

14.2

< 0.001

Prior TIA, %

11.6

11.1

12.8

11.3

< 0.001

Bicuspid valve, %

1.8

2.2

1.2

1.0

< 0.001

Hospital type, %

< 0.05

Teaching

89.4

89.2

89.9

90.7

Non-teaching

10.6

10.8

10.1

9.3