Table 1 Baseline characteristics of atrial fibrillation patients

Age (years)

67.38 ± 11.27

68.37 ± 10.70

64.32 ± 12.39

< 0.001*

Male gender

1980 (58.2%)

1452 (56.6%)

528 (63.2%)

0.001*

Symptomatic AF

2618 (77.0%)

77.0 (77.0%)

645 (77.2%)

0.875

Atrial fibrillation

< 0.001*

  - Paroxysmal

1148 (33.7%)

778 (30.3%)

370 (44.3%)

  - Persistent

643 (18.9%)

481 (18.7%)

162 (19.4%)

  - Permanent

1611 (47.4%)

1307 (50.9%)

304 (36.4%)

CIED

341 (10.0%)

270 (10.5%)

71 (8.5%)

0.090

Smoking

678 (19.9%)

473 (18.4%)

205 (24.5%)

< 0.001*

Dyslipidemia

1915 (56.3%)

1506 (58.7%)

409 (48.9%)

< 0.001*

CKD

1754 (51.6%)

1390 (54.2%)

364 (43.5%)

< 0.001*

Dementia

29 (0.9%)

25 (1.0%)

4 (0.5%)

0.176

History of bleeding

323 (9.5%)

272 (10.6%)

51 (6.1%)

< 0.001*

 - Major bleeding

70 (2.1%)

54 (2.1%)

16 (1.9%)

0.736

 - Minor bleeding

253 (7.4%)

218 (8.5%)

35 (4.2%)

< 0.001

 - ICH

31 (0.9%)

19 (0.7%)

12 (1.4%)

0.066

History of thromboembolic event

604 (17.8%)

550 (21.4%)

54 (6.5%)

< 0.001

 - Ischemic stroke

485 (14.3%)

445 (17.3%)

40 (4.8%)

< 0.001

 - TIA

126 (3.7%)

111 (4.3%)

15 (1.8%)

0.001

 - Systemic embolism

25 (0.7%)

25 (1.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0.004

Alcohol use

140 (4.1%)

86 (3.4%)

54 (6.5%)

< 0.001*

LVEF (%)

59.87 ± 14.71

59.25 ± 15.03

61.76 ± 13.51

< 0.001*

TTR (%)

53.6 ± 26.4

53.6 ± 26.4

-

-

  TTR < 65%

1432 (64.1%)

1432 (64.1%)

-

-

  TTR 65 to < 70%

168 (7.5%)

168 (7.5%)

-

-

       TTR ≥ 70%

633 (28.3%)

633 (28.3%)

-

-

Components of

CHA₂DS₂-VASc score

- History of heart failure/LV systolic dysfunction

1045 (30.7%)

810 (31.6%)

235 (28.1%)

0.060

- Hypertension

2328 (68.4%)

1861 (72.5%)

467 (55.9%)

< 0.001*

- Age ≥ 75 years

979 (28.8%)

799 (31.1%)

180 (21.5%)

< 0.001*

- Diabetes mellitus

839 (24.7%)

690 (26.9%)

149 (17.8%)

< 0.001*

- Previous stroke or TIA

592 (17.4%)

538 (21.0%)

54 (6.5%)

< 0.001*

- Vascular disease

581 (17.1%)

441 (17.2%)

140 (16.7%)

0.769

- Age 65–74 years

1094 (32.2%)

887 (34.6%)

207 (24.8%)

< 0.001*

- Female sex

1422 (41.8%)

1114 (43.4%)

308 (36.8%)

0.001*

CHA₂DS₂-VASc score

< 0.001*

− 0

196 (5.8%)

61 (2.4%)

135 (16.1%)

− 1

422 (12.4%)

236 (9.2%)

186 (22.2%)

- ≥ 2

2784 (81.8%)

2269 (88.4%)

515 (61.6%)

HAS-BLED score

0.482

− 0–2

2863 (84.2%)

2153 (83.9%)

710 (84.9%)

- ≥ 3

539 (15.8%)

413 (16.1%)

126 (15.1%)

Antithrombotic medications

Antiplatelets

890 (26.2%)

308 (12.0%)

582 (69.6%)

< 0.001*

- Aspirin

784 (23.0%)

263 (10.2%)

521 (62.3%)

< 0.001*

- P2Y₁₂ inhibitors

200 (5.9%)

81 (3.2%)

119 (14.2%)

< 0.001*

Oral anticoagulants

- Warfarin

2338 (68.7%)

2338 (91.1%)

0 (0.00%)

< 0.001*

- Direct thrombin inhibitor

82 (2.4%)

82 (3.2%)

0 (0.00%)

< 0.001*

- Factor Xa inhibitors

145 (4.3%)

145 (5.7%)

0 (0.00%)

< 0.001*