Table 1 Characterisation of the sample regarding frailty and sarcopenia

Age, years, Md (IQR)

58.0 (49.0, 67.0)

64.0 (49.5, 71.5)

0.117

58.0 (49.0, 67.0)

67.0 (52.0, 70.5)

0.038

Age intervals, n (%)

0.146

0.009

 < 65 years

79 (68.7)

11 (52.4)

79 (71.2)

11 (44.0)

 ≥ 65 years

36 (31.3)

10 (47.6)

32 (28.8)

14 (56.0)

Sex, n (%)

0.003

< 0.001

 Women

33 (28.7)

13 (61.9)

24 (21.6)

22 (88.0)

 Men

82 (71.3)

8 (38.1)

87 (78.4)

3 (12.0)

School years, Md (IQR)

9.0 (4.0, 12.0)

4.0 (4.0, 9.0)

0.023

9.0 (4.0, 12.0)

4.0 (4.0, 12.0)

0.399

NYAH classes, n (%)

0.003

0.189

 Class I

45 (38.8)

2 (9.5)

42 (38.5)

5 (20.0)

 Class II

54 (47.8)

11 (52.4)

49 (45.0)

16 (64.0)

 Class III

14 (12.4)

8 (38.1)

18 (16.5)

4 (16.0)

LVEF categories, n (%)

0.165

0.203

 HFrEF

58 (51.3)

8 (40.0)

56 (51.9)

10 (40.0)

 HFmrEF

33 (29.2)

4 (20.0)

31 (28.7)

6 (24.0)

 HFpEF

22 (19.5)

8 (40.0)

21 (19.4)

9 (36.0)

Polypharmacy, n (%)

0.593

0.127

 < 5 medicines/day

30 (26.1)

4 (19.0)

31 (27.9)

3 (12.0)

 ≥ 5 medicines/day

85 (73.9)

17 (81.0)

80 (72.1)

22 (88.0)

Medicines, n (%)

 ACE inhibitors

90 (78.3)

16 (76.2)

0.781

87 (79.1)

19 (76.0)

0.734

 Beta blockers

109 (94.8)

20 (95.2)

0.931

106 (96.4)

23 (92.0)

0.339

 Aldosterone antagonists

81 (70.4)

10 (47.6)

0.041

77 (70.0)

14 (56.0)

0.178

 Statins

78 (67.8)

11 (52.4)

0.171

77 (69.4)

12 (48.0)

0.042

 Furosemide

38 (33.0)

13 (61.9)

0.012

37 (33.6)

14 (56.0)

0.037

 Sacubitril/valsartan

16 (13.9)

0 (0.0)

0.132

13 (11.7)

3 (12.0)

1.000

 Ivabradine

20 (17.4)

2 (9.5)

0.526

18 (16.2)

4 (16.0)

1.000

 Thiazide diuretics

7 (6.1)

1 (4.8)

1.000

7 (6.3)

1 (4.0)

1.000

 Acetylsalicylic acid

29 (25.2)

6 (28.6)

0.746

30 (27.0)

5 (20.0)

0.615

 Nitrates

13 (11.3)

2 (9.5)

1.000

11 (9.9)

4 (16.0)

0.477

 Digoxin

9 (7.8)

3 (14.3)

0.397

11 (9.9)

1 (4.0)

0.695

 Antiarrhythmic drugs

10 (8.7)

6 (28.6)

0.009

12 (10.8)

4 (16.0)

0.495

 Anticoagulants

35 (30.4)

12 (57.1)

0.018

38 (34.2)

9 (36.0)

0.867

 Antidepressants

18 (15.7)

9 (42.9)

0.004

22 (19.8)

5 (20.0)

0.984

 Anxiolytics

31 (27.8)

5 (23.8)

0.764

30 (27.0)

6 (24.0)

0.757

Diabetes, n (%)

34 (29.8)

5 (23.8)

0.794

33 (30.0)

6 (24.0)

0.550

Myocardial infarction, n (%)

29 (25.7)

3 (15.0)

0.402

28 (25.7)

4 (16.7)

0.436

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

13 (11.8)

6 (28.6)

0.083

16 (15.1)

3 (12.0)

1.000

BMI, Kg.m⁻², M (SD)

29.2 (4.4)

29.5 (4.2)

0.930

29.5 (4.2)

28.0 (4.7)

0.532

BMI categories, n (%)

0.952

0.118

 Underweight + normal

21 (18.3)

4 (19.0)

17 (15.3)

8 (32.0)

 Overweight

48 (41.7)

8 (38.1)

46 (41.4)

10 (40.0)

 Obese

46 (40.0)

9 (42.9)

48 (43.2)

7 (28.0)

Coexistence

 Frailty

-

-

-

10 (9.0)

11 (44.0)

< 0.001

 Sarcopenia

14 (12.2)

11 (52.4)

 < 0.001

-

-

-