Table 1 Characteristics table (cases and control)
Variable | Cases (T2D) N = 24 | Controls (healthy) N = 25 |  |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | |||
 Age (years) | 51.1 ± 5.7 | 48.3 ± 6.6 |  |
 Sex (M (%)) | 15 (63) | 15 (60) | |
 Ethnicity (WE (%)) | 15 (63) | 17 (68) | |
 Weight (kg) | 106.7 ± 16.2 | 69.9 ± 11.4 | |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 37.4 ± 5.9 | 24.3 ± 2.5 | |
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 145.9 ± 15.9 | 118.4 ± 10.7 | |
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 91.1 ± 7.4 | 76.2 ± 6.0 | |
 Heart rate (bpm) | 73.1 ± 8.6 | 61.8 ± 9.3 | |
 HbA1c (%) | 7.2 ± 1.1 | 5.4 ± 0.2 | |
 HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 54.8 ± 11.9 | 35.6 ± 2.6 | |
 HOMAR-IR | 12.2 ± 8.2 | 2.0 ± 1.9 | |
Medical history | |||
 Duration diabetes (m) | 58.3 ± 39.8 | - |  |
 Smoking history (yes) | 10 (41) | 7 (28) | |
 Hypertension (n (%)) | 15 (63) | 0 (0) | |
 Hypercholesterolemia (n (%)) | 16 (67) | 0 (0) | |
Cardiovascular Imaging | Â | Â | P value |
 LV Massi (g/m2) | 58.2 ± 9.8 | 57.8 ± 13.1 | 0.902 |
 LV EDVi (mL/m2) | 69.9 ± 11.3 | 82.9 ± 18.0 | 0.004 |
 LV mass:volume (g/mL) | 0.84 ± 0.13 | 0.70 ± 0.08 | < 0.001 |
 LV EF (%) | 70.0 ± 7.4 | 64.7 ± 4.9 | 0.005 |
 LV GLS (%) | 16.6 ± 2.8 | 17.6 ± 1.5 | 0.108 |
 LV GCS (%) | 21.0 ± 2.3 | 19.6 ± 2.0 | 0.029 |
 LV LongPEDSR (s-1) | 0.79 ± 0.15 | 0.89 ± 0.16 | 0.021 |
 LV CircPEDSR (s-1) | 1.00 ± 0.20 | 1.10 ± 0.16 | 0.060 |
 LAVImax (mL/ m2)* | 30.4 (10.4) | 50.6 (16.8) | < 0.001 |
 LA EF (%) | 55.0 ± 7.7 | 59.1 ± 7.8 | 0.075 |
 Mean Ao Distens (mmHg−1 × 10–3) | 3.7 ± 1.9 | 6.9 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 |
 MPR | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 |
 Average E/e'* | 9.4 (4.5) | 5.9 (2.6) | < 0.001 |