Sex differences in the association between epicardial adipose tissue volume and left atrial volume index

Yamaguchi, Satoshi; Maeda, Minetaka; Oba, Kageyuki; Maimaituxun, Gulinu; Arasaki, Osamu; Yagi, Shusuke; Kusunose, Kenya; Soeki, Takeshi; Yamada, Hirotsugu; Fukuda, Daiju; Masuzaki, Hiroaki; Sata, Masataka; Shimabukuro, Michio

doi:10.1186/s12872-023-03569-1

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

Table 2 Linear regression models to determine the factors associated with left atrial volume index

From: Sex differences in the association between epicardial adipose tissue volume and left atrial volume index

A. Sinus rhythm
Overall (n = 63)	Univariate							Model 1						Model 2
Factors	Coefficient	95% CI				P value		Coefficient	95% CI				P value	Coefficient		95% CI			P value
Age, yo	0.263	0.042		0.485		0.023		0.181	-0.082			0.444	0.18	0.212		-0.054		0.478	0.12
Men	2.014	-4.083		8.11		0.52		-0.195	-0.841			0.452	0.56	-0.127		-0.778		0.523	0.7
BMI, kg/m²	-0.195	-0.816		0.426		0.54
EAT, mL	0.05	-0.014		0.113		0.13
EATVI, mL/m²	0.106	-0.002		0.214		0.06		0.073	-0.054			0.201	0.27	0.072		-0.057		0.2	0.28
LVEF, %	-0.385	-0.981		0.211		0.21								-0.457		-1.052		0.138	0.14
Hypertension, yes	0.565	-6.571		7.7		0.88								-0.594		-7.735		6.548	0.87
Diabetes mellitus, yes	1.548	-4.889		7.984		0.64
Antihypertensive drug, yes	-2.965	-9.133		3.203		0.35
ACE or ARB use	-1.447	-8.06		5.166		0.67
Beta blocker use	-3.681	-13.994		6.633		0.49
Men (n = 28)	Univariate							Model 1						Model 2
Factors	Coefficient	95% CI				P value		Coefficient	95% CI				P value	Coefficient		95% CI			P value
Age, yo	0.296	-0.144		0.736		0.2		0.276	-0.188			0.741	0.26	0.219		-0.273		0.711	0.39
BMI, kg/m²	0.86	-0.744		2.464		0.3		0.459	-1.476			2.394	0.65	0.75		-1.265		2.765	0.47
EAT, mL	0.093	0		0.186		0.061
EATVI, mL/m²	0.185	0.014		0.355		0.043		0.141	-0.072			0.355	0.21	0.122		-0.096		0.341	0.28
LVEF, %	-0.845	-1.898		0.207		0.13								-0.697		-1.835		0.442	0.24
Hypertension, yes	1.071	-9.914		12.056		0.85								-1.261		-12.338		9.816	0.83
Diabetes mellitus, yes	7.935	-2.125		17.995		0.13
Antihypertensive drug, yes	-0.019	-10.313		10.275		1
ACE or ARB use	1.529	-10.313		13.37		0.8
Beta blocker use	-6.663	-23.063		9.737		0.43
Women (n = 35)	Univariate							Model 1						Model 2
Factors	Coefficient	95% CI				P value		Coefficient	95% CI				P value	Coefficient		95% CI			P value
Age, yo	0.246	0.002		0.49		0.056		0.306	-0.033			0.646	0.087	0.371		-0.007		0.749	0.064
BMI, kg/m²	-0.463	-1.077		0.152		0.15		-0.316	-0.946			0.313	0.33	-0.259		-0.916		0.397	0.45
EAT, mL	-0.009	-0.099		0.081		0.85
EATVI, mL/m²	0.037	-0.101		0.176		0.6		-0.066	-0.248			0.116	0.48	-0.076		-0.264		0.111	0.43
LVEF, %	-0.05	-0.768		0.668		0.89								-0.331		-1.096		0.435	0.4
Hypertension, yes	0.928	-8.966		10.822		0.86								-0.642		-10.572		9.289	0.9
Diabetes mellitus, yes	-4.856	-12.947		3.235		0.25
Antihypertensive drug, yes	-5.171	-12.83		2.488		0.19
ACEI or ARB use	-3.084	-10.874		4.705		0.44
Beta blocker use	-1.023	-14.345		12.3		0.88
B. Atrial fibrillation
Overall (n = 184)	Univariate						Model 1							Model 2
Factors	Coefficient		95% CI			P value	Coefficient			95% CI			P value	Coefficient	95% CI				P value
Age, yo	0.23		0.054		0.407	0.011	0.277			0.091	0.464		0.004	0.273	0.084		0.462		0.005
Men	-1.353		-5.417		2.711	0.51	0.483			-0.016	0.981		0.059	0.347	-0.163		0.858		0.18
BMI, kg/m²	0.299		-0.162		0.76	0.21
EAT, mL	0.01		-0.029		0.048	0.63
EATVI, mL/m²	0.025		-0.046		0.097	0.49	-0.021			-0.098	0.056		0.6	-0.017	-0.093		0.059		0.66
LVEF, %	-0.134		-0.316		0.047	0.15								-0.167	-0.349		0.014		0.073
Hypertension, yes	3.718		-0.1		7.536	0.058								2.891	-0.987		6.769		0.15
Diabetes mellitus, yes	1.802		-2.23		5.834	0.38
Antihypertensive drug, yes	5.695		0.897		10.494	0.021
ACEI or ARB use	3.327		-0.189		6.843	0.065
Beta blocker use	3.72		0.202		7.237	0.04
Men (n = 137)	Univariate						Model 1							Model 2
Factors	Coefficient		95% CI			P value	Coefficient			95% CI			P value	Coefficient	95% CI				P value
Age, yo	0.205		-0.003		0.413	0.056	0.218			-0.006	0.443		0.059	0.206	-0.021		0.432		0.077
BMI, kg/m²	0.379		-0.228		0.985	0.22	0.418			-0.271	1.107		0.24	0.302	-0.391		0.996		0.39
EAT, mL	0.033		-0.012		0.077	0.15
EATVI, mL/m²	0.076		-0.009		0.162	0.081	0.035			-0.063	0.132		0.49	0.036	-0.06		0.133		0.46
LVEF, %	-0.136		-0.344		0.072	0.2								-0.171	-0.379		0.037		0.11
Hypertension, yes	4.014		-0.496		8.525	0.083								3.715	-0.871		8.301		0.11
Diabetes mellitus, yes	2.687		-1.913		7.286	0.25
Antihypertensive drug, yes	6.406		1.034		11.779	0.021
ACEI or ARB use	3.74		-0.446		7.926	0.082
Beta blocker use	4.48		0.312		8.648	0.037
Women (n = 47)	Univariate						Model 1							Model 2
Factors	Coefficient		95% CI			P value	Coefficient			95% CI			P value	Coefficient	95% CI				P value
Age, yo	0.374		-0.04		0.789	0.084	0.455			0.056	0.855		0.031	0.461	0.048		0.873		0.034
BMI, kg/m²	0.22		-0.472		0.913	0.54	0.46			-0.2	1.119		0.18	0.342	-0.394		1.079		0.37
EAT, mL	-0.07		-0.146		0.006	0.079
EATVI, mL/m²	-0.118		-0.24		0.004	0.065	-0.151			-0.272	-0.03		0.018	-0.145	-0.269		-0.021		0.028
LVEF, %	-0.201		-0.608		0.206	0.34								-0.15	-0.563		0.263		0.48
Hypertension, yes	2.62		-4.601		9.842	0.48								1.123	-6.141		8.388		0.76
Diabetes mellitus, yes	-1.029		-10.148		8.091	0.83
Antihypertensive drug, yes	0.979		-10.659		12.617	0.87
ACEI or ARB use	2.24		-4.237		8.717	0.5
Beta blocker use	1.816		-4.782		8.414	0.59

ACE or ARB, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; EATV, epicardial adipose tissue volume; EATVI, epicardial adipose tissue volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction

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ISSN: 1471-2261

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