Fig. 4

Funnel plot of genetic associations with serum cystatin C levels against causal estimates based on each genetic variant individually, where the causal effect is expressed in logs odds ratio of coronary atherosclerosis for each unit increase in serum cystatin C levels. The overall causal estimates (β coefficients) of serum cystatin C levels on coronary atherosclerosis estimated by inverse-variance weighted (light blue line) and MR-Egger (navy blue line) methods are shown