Fig. 2

Prognostic impact of FGF23 levels in patients with systolic heart failure (HF). In a cohort of HF patients with systolic dysfunction, higher iFGF23 levels (index of increased cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy) were associated with clinical severity of the disease, as expressed by lower left ventricular systolic function, higher circulating levels of N- terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), lower oxygen consumption at cardiopulmonary exercise test and worsening of renal function. Moreover, iFGF23 elevation identified patients at higher risk for all-cause mortality, and a composite endpoint of all-cause death or HF hospitalization