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Table 2 CR Barriers by Sex

From: Sex differences in cardiac rehabilitation barriers among non-enrollees in the context of lower gender equality: a cross-sectional study

CRBS-P Subscales/Items

Male

(n = 696)

Female

(n = 357)

Total

(n = 1053)

P

Effect Size

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower

Upper

Logistical factors

2.72 ± 0.90

3.01 ± 0.97

2.82 ± 0.93

< 0.001

-0.23

-0.40

-0.16

1-Distance

2.89 ± 1.26

3.21 ± 1.35

3.00 ± 1.30

< 0.001

-0.31

-0.48

-0.15

2-Cost

2.95 ± 1.25

3.35 ± 1.30

3.09 ± 1.28

< 0.001

-0.40

-0.56

-0.23

3-Transportation problems

2.82 ± 1.24

3.24 ± 1.32

2.96 ± 1.28

< 0.001

-0.41

-0.58

-0.25

4-Family responsibilities

2.26 ± 0.89

2.26 ± 0.91

2.26 ± 0.90

0.930

0.01

-0.11

0.12

Work/time conflicts

2.14 ± 0.58

2.02 ± 0.42

2.10 ± 0.53

< 0.001

0.11

0.05

0.17

7-Travel

2.01 ± 0.58

1.98 ± 0.43

2.00 ± 0.53

0.246

0.03

-0.02

-0.09

8-Time constraints

2.18 ± 0.81

2.02 ± 0.53

2.12 ± 0.73

< 0.001

0.15

-0.07

0.23

9-Work responsibilities

2.24 ± 0.86

2.07 ± 0.63

2.18 ± 0.80

0.001

0.16

0.07

0.25

Comorbidities/functional status

2.19 ± 0.63

2.46 ± 0.70

2.28 ± 0.67

< 0.001

-0.27

-0.36

-0.18

6-I find exercise tiring or painful

2.10 ± 0.69

2.22 ± 0.79

2.14 ± 0.73

0.018

-0.11

-0.21

-0.02

10-I don’t have energy

2.11 ± 0.73

2.41 ± 0.96

2.22 ± 0.83

< 0.001

-0.29

-0.41

-0.18

11-Other health problems prevent me from going

2.47 ± 1.06

2.97 ± 1.22

2.64 ± 1.14

< 0.001

-0.49

-0.64

-0.34

12-I am too old

2.09 ± 0.70

2.27 ± 0.86

2.15 ± 0.76

0.001

-0.18

-0.28

-0.07

Perceived need/healthcare factors

2.15 ± 0.40

2.11 ± 0.38

2.14 ± 0.39

0.058

0.04

-0.00

0.09

5-I already exercise at home, or in my community

2.69 ± 1.10

2.46 ± 0.99

2.61 ± 1.07

0.001

0.23

0.10

0.36

13-My cardiologist or thoracic surgeon didn’t feel it was necessary

2.15 ± 0.70

2.15 ± 0.66

2.15 ± 0.69

0.956

0.01

-0.08

0.09

14-Many people with heart problems don’t go, and they are fine

2.06 ± 0.47

2.02 ± 0.38

2.05 ± 0.44

0.151

0.03

-0.01

0.09

15-I can manage my heart problems on my own

2.10 ± 0.55

2.05 ± 0.46

2.08 ± 0.52

0.084

0.05

-0.01

0.11

16-I think I was referred, but the rehab program didn’t contact me

2.03 ± 0.43

2.04 ± 0.41

2.04 ± 0.42

0.944

-0.01

-0.05

0.05

17-It took too long to start the outpatient program after referral

2.03 ± 0.40

2.03 ± 0.39

2.03 ± 0.40

0.937

-0.01

-0.05

0.04

18-I prefer to take care of my health alone, not in a group

2.04 ± 0.47

2.03 ± 0.43

2.04 ± 0.44

0.640

0.01

-0.04

0.07

Total

2.29 ± 0.35

2.37 ± 0.37

2.32 ± 0.36

< 0.001

-0.08

-0.13

-0.03

  1. Mean ± standard deviation shown. CRBS-P, cardiac rehabilitation barriers scale, Persian