Fig. 2

Effects of rivaroxaban on adhesion and tube formation. A EPCs exposed to 0.1% DMSO (control) or rivaroxaban for 7 days were cultured for 6 h. The number of adhesive cells per low power field was counted. Bars are means ± standard deviations of five samples. B The adhesive cells were observed by phase-contrast microscopy. Scale bar: 100 μm. C EPCs exposed to 0.1% DMSO (control) or rivaroxaban for 7 days were cultured in Matrigel with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The number of tubes per low power field was measured after 5 h. Bars are means ± standard deviations of five samples. D The tube formation observed by phase-contrast microscopy. Scale bar: 100 μm