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Table 1 Characteristics of the study cohort

From: Association between neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and long-term mortality in community-dwelling adults with heart failure: evidence from US NHANES 2005–2016

Study variables

Total (N = 1,207)

Alive (N = 667)

Deceased (N = 540)

P value b

Follow-up duration, months

66.0 (35.0,105.5)

77.0 (40.5,124.5)

56.0 (30.0,89.0)

 

Demography

    

Age, years

67.3 ± 12.5

63.3 ± 13.0

72.2 ± 9.9

< 0.001

20–39

42 (3.5%)

38 (5.7%)

4 (0.7%)

 

40–49

90 (7.5%)

74 (11%)

16 (3.0%)

 

50–59

143 (12%)

105 (16%)

38 (7.0%)

 

60–69

321 (27%)

199 (30%)

122 (23%)

 

70–79

334 (28%)

171 (26%)

163 (30%)

 

80+

277 (23%)

80 (12%)

197 (36%)

 

Males

689 (57%)

363 (54%)

326 (60%)

0.038

Race

   

< 0.001

Non-Hispanic White

664 (55%)

295 (44%)

369 (68%)

 

Non-Hispanic Black

288 (24%)

191 (29%)

97 (18%)

 

OT-Hispanic White

84 (7.0%)

68 (10%)

16 (3.0%)

 

Other/unknown

171 (14%)

113 (17%)

58 (11%)

 

BMI, kg/m2

31.8 ± 8.1

32.9 ± 8.4

30.5 ± 7.6

< 0.001

<18.5

15 (1.2%)

6 (0.9%)

9 (1.7%)

 

18.5–24.9

212 (18%)

96 (14%)

116 (21%)

 

25.0-29.9

342 (28%)

172 (26%)

170 (31%)

 

≥30

638 (53%)

393 (59%)

245 (45%)

 

Poverty income ratio > 1 a

834 (75%)

446 (73%)

388 (77%)

0.106

Married or living with a partner a

620 (51%)

358 (54%)

262 (49%)

0.075

Attended high school or above a

764 (63%)

451 (68%)

313 (58%)

< 0.001

Smoking status a

   

0.01

Never

468 (39%)

268 (40%)

200 (37%)

 

Former

509 (42%)

257 (39%)

252 (47%)

 

Current

229 (19%)

141 (21%)

88 (16%)

 

Medical history

    

Years since first diagnosed with HF, years a

7.0 (2.0, 14.0)

7.0 (3.0, 14.0)

6.5 (2.0, 14.0)

0.335

≥ 5 years a

749 (63%)

421 (64%)

328 (62%)

0.559

DM

556 (46%)

299 (45%)

257 (48%)

0.338

Hypertension a

999 (84%)

561 (85%)

438 (82%)

0.21

Coronary heart disease

565 (47%)

306 (46%)

259 (48%)

0.47

History of MI

532 (44%)

281 (42%)

251 (46%)

0.13

History of stroke

239 (20%)

117 (18%)

122 (23%)

0.029

COPD

225 (19%)

104 (16%)

121 (22%)

0.003

CKD

537 (44%)

223 (33%)

314 (58%)

< 0.001

SBP, mmHg a

129.3 (116.0, 144.7)

129.3 (116.0, 143.3)

130.0 (116.0, 146.7)

0.521

DBP, mmHg a

66.0 (58.0, 76.0)

68.0 (60.0, 77.3)

64.0 (55.2, 73.3)

< 0.001

GFR, mL/min/1.73m2

63.4 (48.2, 80.6)

70.2 (55.1, 87.0)

55.9 (41.4, 71.0)

< 0.001

Trouble sleeping c

518 (49%)

330 (52%)

188 (44%)

0.009

Dyslipidemia

1035 (86%)

578 (87%)

457 (85%)

0.316

Medication

    

ACEI/ARB

706 (58%)

390 (58%)

316 (59%)

0.987

Aldosterone antagonist

99 (8.2%)

50 (7.5%)

49 (9.1%)

0.321

Beta Blocker

727 (60%)

394 (59%)

333 (62%)

0.359

Diuretics

595 (49%)

265 (40%)

330 (61%)

< 0.001

Vasodilators

123 (10%)

63 (9.4%)

60 (11%)

0.341

Laboratory measures

    

NPAR

15.0 (13.2,17.0)

14.6 (12.7,16.3)

15.5 (14.0,17.7)

< 0.001

Q1 (< 13.2)

302 (25%)

207 (31%)

95 (18%)

< 0.001

Q2 (13.2 to < 15.0)

297 (25%)

166 (25%)

131 (24%)

Q3 (15.0 to < 17.0)

306 (25%)

170 (25%)

136 (25%)

Q4 (≥ 17.0)

302 (25%)

124 (19%)

178 (33%)

PLR

116.7 (89.5,156.9)

111.3 (86.5,144.7)

124.6 (95.4,170.7)

< 0.001

Q1 (< 89.5)

302 (25%)

186 (28%)

116 (21%)

< 0.001

Q2 (89.5 to < 116.7)

301 (25%)

182 (27%)

119 (22%)

Q3 (116.7 to < 156.9)

302 (25%)

168 (25%)

134 (25%)

Q4 (≥ 156.9)

302 (25%)

131 (20%)

171 (32%)

NLR

2.4 (1.7,3.3)

2.1 (1.5,2.9)

2.7 (1.9,3.8)

< 0.001

Q1 (< 1.7)

302 (25%)

213 (32%)

89 (16%)

< 0.001

Q2 (1.7 to < 2.4)

301 (25%)

178 (27%)

123 (23%)

Q3 (2.4 to < 3.3)

297 (25%)

151 (23%)

146 (27%)

Q4 (≥ 3.3)

307 (25%)

125 (19%)

182 (34%)

Platelet, 103/uL

213.0 (178.0, 263.5)

216.0 (178.0, 263.0)

211.0 (178.0, 265.0)

0.318

Lymphocyte, 103/uL

1.8 (1.4, 2.4)

2.0 (1.5, 2.5)

1.7 (1.3, 2.3)

< 0.001

Neutrophil, 103/uL

4.4 (3.4, 5.6)

4.2 (3.3, 5.4)

4.7 (3.6, 5.9)

< 0.001

Neutrophil percentage, %

61.3 (54.3, 67.4)

59.4 (53.0, 65.6)

63.7 (57.0, 69.6)

< 0.001

WBC, 103/uL

7.3 (6.0, 8.8)

7.2 (5.9, 8.6)

7.4 (6.1, 8.9)

0.026

Albumin, g/dL

4.1 (3.8, 4.3)

4.1 (3.9, 4.3)

4.1 (3.8, 4.3)

0.057

Hemoglobin, g/dL

13.6 (12.5, 14.7)

13.8 (12.7, 14.7)

13.5 (12.4, 14.7)

0.021

CRP, mg/dLa

0.7 (0.2, 2.3)

1.2 (0.3, 3.6)

0.4 (0.2, 1.1)

< 0.001

Total Cholesterol, mg/dL

170.0 (143.0, 204.0)

171.0 (143.0, 205.5)

169.0 (142.0, 203.0)

0.665

HDL-c, mg/dL

46.0 (38.0, 57.0)

45.0 (38.0, 56.0)

47.0 (39.0, 58.0)

0.651

LDL-c, mg/dL a

93.0 (70.0, 121.0)

95.5 (71.2, 122.8)

89.0 (68.0, 116.0)

0.115

TG, md/dL a

122.0 (86.0, 179.0)

124.0 (85.5, 173.0)

121.5 (86.0, 183.8)

0.644

HbA1c, %

5.9 (5.5, 6.7)

5.9 (5.6, 6.6)

5.9 (5.5, 6.7)

0.714

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD, n (%), or median with interquartile range (IQR).
  2. Abbreviation:
  3. ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; HF, heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MI, myocardial infarction; CKD, chronic kidney disease; NPAR, Neutrophil-percentage-to-albumin ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; Q, quartile
  4. a Missing data: poverty income ratio (8%), school attendance (0.1%), smoking status (0.1%), years since first diagnosis with HF (0.01%), hypertension (0.1%), blood pressure (5.0%), CRP (25%), total cholesterol (0.1%), LDL (52%), TG (51%), and HbA1c (0.2%)
  5. b P value was derived using the Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous data and Pearson’s Chi-squared test for categorical data. Bold P values indicate significance
  6. c Not available in 2003–2004 cycle
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