Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to the 99th percentile upper reference limit of hs-cTnI
Overall population | Non-elevation hs-cTnI (< 99th percentile URL) | Elevation hs-cTnI (≥ 99th percentile URL) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 469) | (n = 295) | (n = 174) | ||
Age (years) | 72.4 ± 11.5 | 70.4 ± 11.9 | 75.7 ± 10.1 | < 0.01 |
Age ≥ 70 | 298 (63.5) | 170 (57.6) | 128 (73.6) | < 0.01 |
Female | 239 (51.0) | 131 (44.4) | 108 (62.1) | < 0.01 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.7 ± 6.5 | 29.1 ± 5.7 | 27.8 ± 7.5 | 0.06 |
BMI ≥ 25 | 161 (34.3) | 95 (32.2) | 66 (37.9) | 0.21 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132.4 ± 25.7 | 131.9 ± 22.8 | 133.1 ± 30.0 | 0.66 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.2 ± 18.1 | 79.5 ± 16.6 | 76.0 ± 15.1 | 0.34 |
Heart rate (rate/min) | 85.0 ± 26.5 | 83.9 ± 26.3 | 86.5 ± 27.5 | 0.31 |
Medical History | ||||
Hypertension | 286 (61.0) | 183 (62.0) | 103 (59.2) | 0.54 |
Diabetes mellitus | 147 (31.3) | 97 (32.9) | 50 (28.7) | 0.35 |
Current smoking | 52 (11.1) | 33 (11.2) | 19 (10.9) | 0.93 |
Dyslipidemia | 54 (11.5) | 39 (13.2) | 15 (8.6) | 0.13 |
Mitral valve disease | 29 (6.2) | 16 (5.4) | 13 (7.5) | 0.37 |
Previous PCI | 24 (5.1) | 16 (5.4) | 8 (4.6) | 0.69 |
Previous CABG | 7 (1.5) | 3 (1.0) | 4 (2.3) | 0.27 |
Previous heart failure | 56 (11.9) | 27 (9.2) | 29 (16.7) | 0.02 |
Previous stroke | 103 (22.0) | 56 (19.0) | 47 (27.0) | 0.05 |
CHA2DS2-VASc | 3.3 ± 1.7 | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 3.7 ± 1.6 | < 0.01 |
CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 3 | 319 (68.0) | 185 (62.7) | 134 (77.0) | < 0.01 |
AF detection at | ||||
Outpatient department | 58 (12.4) | 37 (12.5) | 21 (12.1) | 0.85 |
Inpatients department | 101 (21.5) | 69 (23.4) | 32 (18.4) | 0.21 |
Emergency department | 310 (66.1) | 189 (64.1) | 122 (69.5) | 0.08 |
Laboratory parameter | ||||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.8 ± 2.1 | 13.1 ± 2.1 | 12.4 ± 2.1 | 0.53 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | < 0.01 |
BNP (pg/dL) | 455.5 ± 166.2 | 402.8 ± 165.5 | 546.2 ± 145.9 | < 0.01 |
Echocardiographic parameter | ||||
LVEF (%) | 64.2 ± 6.6 | 64.8 ± 6.3 | 63.1 ± 7.1 | 0.06 |
Septal e’ | 6.2 ± 1.2 | 6.4 ± 1.2 | 6.1 ± 1.3 | < 0.01 |
E/e’ | 13.9 ± 5.5 | 13.6 ± 5.1 | 14.5 ± 6.0 | 0.09 |
LAVI (mL/m2) | 48.4 ± 5.1 | 48.5 ± 4.7 | 48.6 ± 6.0 | 0.03 |
LAVI > 40 mL/m2 | 448 (95.5) | 282 (95.6) | 166 (95.4) | 0.92 |
PASP (mmHg) | 33.7 ± 10.6 | 32.6 ± 9.1 | 36.0 ± 12.8 | < 0.01 |
H2FPEF score | 6.2 ± 1.2 | 6.2 ± 1.2 | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 0.08 |
H2FPEF score ≥ 6points | 343 (73.1) | 209 (70.8) | 134 (77.0) | 0.15 |
Medication | ||||
Loop diuretics | 160 (34.1) | 86 (29.2) | 74 (42.5) | < 0.01 |
Spironolactone | 52 (11.1) | 28 (9.5) | 24 (13.8) | 0.15 |
ACE-I/ARB | 151 (32.2) | 94 (31.9) | 57 (32.8) | 0.84 |
Beta-blocker | 125 (26.7) | 82 (27.8) | 43 (24.7) | 0.46 |
Anti-arrhythmic medication | 58 (12.4) | 40 (13.6) | 18 (10.3) | 0.31 |
Anti-coagulation | 201 (42.9) | 125 (42.4) | 76 (43.7) | 0.78 |
Anti-platelet agent | 135 (28.8) | 88 (29.8) | 47 (27.0) | 0.51 |