Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Participants
characteristics | Non-anemia | Anemia | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
N | 8197 | 1008 | |
Age (years) | 46.60 ± 16.88 | 51.61 ± 18.10 | < 0.001 |
gender (n, %) | < 0.001 | ||
male | 4151 (50.64%) | 318 (31.55%) | |
female | 4046 (49.36%) | 690 (68.45%) | |
Race (n, %) | < 0.001 | ||
mexican American | 1036 (12.64%) | 114 (11.31%) | |
non-Hispanic white | 3307(40.34%) | 201 (19.94%) | |
non-Hispanic black | 1662 (20.28%) | 467 (46.33%) | |
other Hispanic | 826 (10.08%) | 78 (7.74%) | |
other races | 1366 (16.66%) | 148 (14.68%) | |
Academic level (n, %) | < 0.001 | ||
below high school | 1789 (21.84%) | 275 (27.34%) | |
high school | 1787 (21.81%) | 222 (22.07%) | |
above high school | 4616 (56.35%) | 509 (50.60%) | |
Marital status (n, %) | < 0.001 | ||
living with partner/married | 4816 (58.77%) | 516 (51.24%) | |
divorced/widowed/separated | 1626 (19.84%) | 271 (26.91%) | |
never married | 1753 (21.39%) | 220 (21.85%) | |
Poverty-income ratio (n, %) | < 0.001 | ||
< 1 | 1789 (23.68%) | 267 (29.15%) | |
>=1 | 5767 (76.32%) | 649 (70.85%) | |
Smoking status (n, %) | < 0.001 | ||
never smoker | 4663 (56.94%) | 676 (67.13%) | |
former smoker | 1766 (21.56%) | 201 (19.96%) | |
current smoker | 1761 (21.50%) | 130 (12.91%) | |
Drinking (n, %) | < 0.001 | ||
no | 1921 (25.86%) | 335 (37.60%) | |
yes | 5507 (74.14%) | 556 (62.40%) | |
Hypertension (n, %) | < 0.001 | ||
no | 5532 (67.56%) | 555 (55.11%) | |
yes | 2656 (32.44%) | 452 (44.89%) | |
Diabetes (n, %) | < 0.001 | ||
no | 7345 (89.67%) | 795 (78.87%) | |
yes | 846 (10.33%) | 213 (21.13%) | |
congestive heart failure (n, %) | < 0.001 | ||
no | 8005 (97.81%) | 939 (93.34%) | |
yes | 179 (2.19%) | 67 (6.66%) | |
coronary heart disease (n, %) no yes Hyperuricemia(n, %) no yes UACR(mg/g) White blood cells (103 cells/ul ) Platelets (103 cells/ul) Serum iron (ug/dl) | 7931 (97.02%) 244 (2.98%) 6658(81.22%) 1539 (18.78%) 6.82(4.50-12.64) 6.90(5.70–8.40) 234.90 ± 57.39 83.00(63.00-106.00) | 951 (94.72%) 53 (5.28%) 779 (77.28%) 229 (22.72%) 8.70(5.49–22.78) 6.60(5.30–8.20) 252.38 ± 75.82 55.00(34.00–78.00) | < 0.001 0.003 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 |
Vitamin B12(pg/ml) | 383.00(284.90-525.50) | 397.00(276.00-569.00) | 0.100 |
RBC folate (ng/mL) | 459.00(351.00-600.00) | 472.00(347.00-662.00) | 0.015 |
Total cholesterol(mg/dl) | 192.72 ± 40.82 | 178.61 ± 41.35 | < 0.001 |
eGFR(mL/min/1.73m2) | 97.87 ± 23.43 | 91.96 ± 33.62 | 0.001 |
Uric acid (mg/dl,) | 5.43 ± 1.38 | 5.28 ± 1.66 | < 0.001 |
Albumin(g/dl) | 4.30 ± 0.32 | 4.01 ± 0.37 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.83 ± 6.89 | 29.76 ± 7.61 | 0.001 |