Table 4 Subgroup analyses by the stratified cox regression model
N | Q1(< 3.22) | Serum 25(OH)D concentrations (natural log transformation) | Q5(≥ 4.5) | P for interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q2(≥ 3.22, < 3.91) | Q3(≥ 3.91, < 4.31) | Q4(≥ 4.31, < 4.5) | |||||
Age, years | 0.2479 | ||||||
< 60 | 811 | 2.99 (1.17, 7.66) | 1.28 (0.56, 2.94) | 0.91 (0.39, 2.12) | Ref | 0.70 (0.22, 2.22) | |
≥ 60 | 2409 | 1.55 (1.08, 2.21) | 1.25 (0.99, 1.57) | 1.24 (1.01, 1.53) | Ref | 1.11 (0.89, 1.39) | |
Sex | 0.7969 | ||||||
Male | 1837 | 1.79 (1.11, 2.88) | 1.42 (1.07, 1.88) | 1.31 (1.02, 1.69) | Ref | 1.08 (0.82, 1.44) | |
Female | 1383 | 1.79 (1.14, 2.81) | 1.11 (0.77, 1.60) | 1.14 (0.81, 1.59) | Ref | 1.05 (0.74, 1.49) | |
Race | 0.27913 | ||||||
White | 1693 | 1.63 (0.99, 2.69) | 1.43 (1.08, 1.89) | 1.41 (1.11, 1.79) | Ref | 1.27 (0.99, 1.63) | |
Non-White | 1527 | 1.48 (0.94, 2.35) | 1.05 (0.73, 1.51) | 0.96 (0.66, 1.41) | Ref | 0.72 (0.45, 1.16) | |
Education level | 0.0829 | ||||||
below high school | 1070 | 1.72 (1.06, 2.80) | 1.09 (0.78, 1.53) | 1.20 (0.88, 1.64) | Ref | 0.95 (0.65, 1.39) | |
high school | 805 | 2.87 (1.40, 5.88) | 2.75 (1.66, 4.58) | 1.91 (1.21, 3.04) | Ref | 1.81 (1.11, 2.96) | |
above high school | 1345 | 1.75 (0.97, 3.15) | 1.16 (0.80, 1.69) | 1.00 (0.71, 1.41) | Ref | 0.89 (0.63, 1.25) | |
Smoking status | 0.6829 | ||||||
never smoker | 1287 | 1.92 (1.14, 3.23) | 1.36 (0.94, 1.96) | 1.37 (0.97, 1.92) | Ref | 1.24 (0.87, 1.76) | |
former smoker | 1242 | 2.15 (1.26, 3.67) | 1.58 (1.13, 2.19) | 1.44 (1.06, 1.94) | Ref | 1.14 (0.83, 1.56) | |
current smoker | 691 | 1.47 (0.73, 2.96) | 0.88 (0.52, 1.48) | 0.84 (0.50, 1.39) | Ref | 0.67 (0.37, 1.22) | |
Renal failure | 0.5238 | ||||||
Yes | 363 | 1.86 (0.71, 4.86) | 1.58 (0.79, 3.19) | 1.73 (0.89, 3.34) | Ref | 1.01 (0.50, 2.03) | |
Other | 2857 | 1.82 (1.29, 2.56) | 1.27 (1.01, 1.60) | 1.19 (0.96, 1.48) | Ref | 1.07 (0.85, 1.35) | |
Hypercholesterolemia | 0.0837 | ||||||
Yes | 2009 | 2.32 (1.52, 3.56) | 1.24 (0.93, 1.64) | 1.36 (1.05, 1.76) | Ref | 1.12 (0.85, 1.47) | |
No | 1211 | 1.18 (0.71, 1.98) | 1.45 (1.02, 2.06) | 1.17 (0.85, 1.63) | Ref | 1.00 (0.70, 1.43) | |
Family income-poverty ratio | 0.2406 | ||||||
≤ 1.0 | 807 | 3.14 (1.63, 6.04) | 1.35 (0.84, 2.18) | 1.29 (0.80, 2.07) | Ref | 1.22 (0.69, 2.16) | |
1–3 | 1576 | 1.82 (1.17, 2.84) | 1.49 (1.10, 2.01) | 1.42 (1.08, 1.85) | Ref | 1.11 (0.83, 1.49) | |
> 3 | 837 | (0.32, 1.78) 0.5160 | (0.67, 1.81) 0.6892 | (0.60, 1.41) 0.6966 | Ref | (0.61, 1.44) 0.7655 | |
Leisure-time physical activity | 0.0576 | ||||||
Inactive | 1427 | 1.38 (0.93, 2.04) | 1.22 (0.93, 1.59) | 1.09 (0.84, 1.42) | Ref | 0.93 (0.70, 1.24) | |
Insufficient | 840 | 2.30 (1.08, 4.93) | 1.07 (0.68, 1.69) | 1.03 (0.69, 1.54) | Ref | 1.15 (0.75, 1.77) | |
Active | 953 | 5.65 (2.14, 14.91) | 2.99 (1.51, 5.90) | 2.71 (1.51, 4.84) | Ref | 1.76 (0.95, 3.29) | |
Glycohemoglobin (%) | 0.2576 | ||||||
< 7 | 2619 | 2.03 (1.41, 2.91) | 1.48 (1.15, 1.89) | 1.35 (1.08, 1.70) | Ref | 1.21 (0.95, 1.54) | |
≥ 7 | 598 | 1.04 (0.50, 2.19) | 0.93 (0.58, 1.49) | 0.99 (0.63, 1.58) | Ref | 0.67 (0.39, 1.16) | |
BMI, kg/m2 | 0.0462 | ||||||
< 25 | 686 | 0.94 (0.46, 1.94) | 1.09 (0.71, 1.66) | 0.99 (0.69, 1.43) | Ref | 0.72 (0.49, 1.07) | |
≥ 25, < 30 | 1036 | 3.24 (1.71, 6.15) | 1.93 (1.29, 2.88) | 1.82 (1.26, 2.61) | Ref | 1.38 (0.94, 2.02) | |
≥ 30 | 1498 | 1.72 (1.08, 2.73) | 1.18 (0.84, 1.68) | 1.07 (0.77, 1.51) | Ref | 1.31 (0.90, 1.90) | |