Fig. 4

STE analysis in rat models. a A schematic of the LV with the indication of longitudinal, circumferential and radial strain measurements. b Representative longitudinal strain images of STE over one cardiac cycle. The peak values of c GLS, d GLSR, e GCS, f GCSR, g GRS, h GRSR and i FAC were calculated. GLS: global longitudinal strain, GLSR: global longitudinal strain rate, GCS: global circumferential strain, GCSR: global circumferential strain rate, GRS: global radial strain, GRSR: global radial strain rate, FAC: fractional area change. Values are presented as the means ± SDs. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs CON group by one-way ANOVA; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs DM group by one-way ANOVA