Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants (n = 84,602)
Year | 2014 | 2015 | 2018 |
|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | n = 26,874 | n = 26,554 | n = 31,174 |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Sex | |||
 Male | 8079 (30.1) | 8451 (31.8) | 10,205 (32.7) |
 Female | 18,795 (69.9) | 18,103 (68.2) | 20,969 (67.3) |
Age (years) | |||
 30–39 | 778 (2.9) | 701 (2.6) | 706 (2.3) |
 40–49 | 3991 (14.9) | 3561 (13.4) | 3737 (12.0) |
 50–59 | 9018 (33.6) | 8948 (33.7) | 10,154 (32.6) |
 60–69 | 9929 (36.9) | 10,049 (37.8) | 12,462 (40.0) |
 70–74 | 3158 (11.7) | 3295 (12.4) | 4115 (13.2) |
 Mean ± S.D | 58.4 ± 9.2 | 58.8 ± 9.1 | 59.3 ± 8.9 |
Geographic regions | |||
 North | 4010 (14.9) | 4262 (16.1) | 5416 (17.4) |
 Central | 7787 (29.0) | 8755 (33.0) | 10,172 (32.6) |
 Northeast | 10,057 (37.4) | 8100 (30.5) | 8877 (28.5) |
 South | 3593 (13.4) | 3726 (14.0) | 5200 (16.7) |
 Bangkok | 1427 (5.3) | 1711 (6.4) | 1509 (4.8) |
Hospital level | |||
 Regional hospital (S/A) | 1810 (6.7) | 2260 (8.5) | 2032 (6.5) |
 General hospital | 3755 (14.0) | 4243 (16.0) | 4685 (15.0) |
 Community hospital | 21,309 (79.3) | 20,051 (75.5) | 24,457 (78.4) |
Occupation | |||
 Agriculturist | 12,040 (44.8) | 10,951 (41.2) | 12,389 (39.7) |
 Retirement | 6454 (24.0) | 6807 (25.6) | 9199 (29.5) |
 Employee | 4744 (17.7) | 4980 (18.8) | 5740 (18.4) |
 Private business | 1417 (5.3) | 1811 (6.8) | 1998 (6.4) |
 Government officer | 1116 (4.2) | 1310 (4.9) | 1505 (4.8) |
 Others | 1108 (4.1) | 695 (2.6) | 343 (1.1) |
Health scheme | |||
 Univeral healthcare coverage | 21,394 (79.8) | 20,601 (77.6) | 24,674 (79.1) |
 Civil servant medical benefit | 3822 (14.2) | 4175 (15.7) | 4649 (14.9) |
 Social security | 1248 (4.7) | 1237 (4.7) | 1433 (4.6) |
 Others | 361 (1.3) | 541 (2.0) | 418 (1.3) |
Current smoker | 1273 (5.0) | 1162 (4.6) | 1201 (3.9) |
Hypertension | 19,720 (73.4) | 20,096 (75.7) | 23,475 (75.3) |
Dyslipidemia | 18,401 (68.5) | 19,307 (72.7) | 21,793 (69.9) |
Receiving anti-hypertensive medications | 19,215 (71.5) | 19,351 (72.9) | 22,633 (72.6) |
Receiving statin therapy | 11,411 (58.8) | 12,012 (60.9) | 17,825 (68.5) |
Diabetes duration (years) | |||
 Mean ± S.D | 7.1 ± 4.6 | 7.5 ± 4.7 | 8.0 ± 5.0 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
 Mean ± S.D | 25.7 ± 4.5 | 25.9 ± 4.6 | 26.0 ± 4.7 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||
 Mean ± S.D | 129.3 ± 15.7 | 131.2 ± 15.8 | 132.6 ± 14.9 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||
 Mean ± S.D | 74.6 ± 9.9 | 75.1 ± 10.1 | 75.2 ± 10.0 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | |||
 n (%)a | 24,492 (91.1) | 24,721 (93.1) | 29,595 (94.9) |
 Median (IQR) | 143 (120–177) | 143 (120–177) | 143 (121–176) |
Hemoglobin A1c (%) | |||
 n (%)a | 20,857 (77.6) | 21,441 (80.7) | 29,105 (93.4) |
 Median (IQR) | 7.6 (6.6–9.1) | 7.6 (6.6–9.1) | 7.6 (6.6–9.0) |
LDLÂ cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||
 n (%)a | 23,498 (87.4) | 23,389 (88.1) | 29,282 (93.9) |
 Median (IQR) | 106 (84–132) | 105 (83–131) | 102 (80–128) |
HDLÂ cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||
 n (%)a | 20,681 (77.0) | 20,616 (77.6) | 26,624 (85.4) |
 Median (IQR) | 45 (38–54) | 46 (38–55) | 47 (39–56) |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||
 n (%)a | 21,882 (81.4) | 22,004 (82.9) | 28,004 (89.8) |
 Median (IQR) | 184 (158–215) | 182 (156–213) | 180 (154–210) |