Table 1 Baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients based on the stress hyperglycemia ratio
Variables | Low SHR (n = 2857) | High SHR(n = 1467) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age (years) | 67.6 ± 12.6 | 65.6 ± 14.2 | <0.001 | |
Gender, male, n (%) | 1921 (67.2%) | 931 (63.5%) | 0.013 | |
Race, n (%) | 0.003 | |||
White | 1890(66.2%) | 893(60.9%) | ||
Hispanics | 16(0.6%) | 5(0.3%) | ||
Black | 153(5.4%) | 99(6.7%) | ||
Others | 798(27.9%) | 470(32.0%) | ||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.1 ± 6.2 | 29.2 ± 6.7 | 0.67 | |
First Care Unit, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
CVICU | 2141 (74.9%) | 581 (39.6%) | ||
CCU | 222 (7.8%) | 285 (19.4%) | ||
MICU/SICU | 252 (8.8%) | 373 (25.4%) | ||
NSICU | 177 (6.2%) | 113 (7.7%) | ||
TSICU | 65 (2.3%) | 115 (7.8%) | ||
Vital signs | ||||
Respiratory Rate(beats/minute) | 17.9 (16.2, 19.8) | 18.8 (16.8, 21.4) | < 0.001 | |
Heart rate (beats/minute) | 80.1 (73.7, 87.5) | 83.0 (74.4, 93.2) | < 0.001 | |
Systolic blood pressure(mmHg) | 113.4 (106.9, 121.2) | 114.3 (106.0, 126.1) | 0.083 | |
Diastolic blood pressure(mmHg) | 58.7 (53.5, 64.8) | 60.8 (54.3, 68.6) | < 0.001 | |
SpO2 (%) | 97.7 (96.5, 98.7) | 97.7 (96.2, 98.8) | 0.40 | |
Comorbidities | ||||
CAD, n (%) | 1868 (65.4%) | 694 (47.3%) | < 0.001 | |
COPD, n (%) | 139 (4.9%) | 89 (6.1%) | 0.094 | |
DM, n (%) | 895 (31.3%) | 473 (32.2%) | 0.54 | |
Hypertension, n (%) | 930 (32.6%) | 363 (24.7%) | < 0.001 | |
Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 880 (30.8%) | 553 (37.7%) | < 0.001 | |
Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 412 (14.4%) | 238 (16.2%) | 0.12 | |
Severity of illness score | ||||
SOFA score | 5(3,7) | 6(4,9) | < 0.001 | |
OASIS score | 31(26,37) | 34(28,41) | < 0.001 | |
SIRS score | 3(2,3) | 3(2,3) | < 0.001 | |
Laboratory tests | ||||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.5 (10.3, 12.8) | 11.9 (10.4, 13.5) | < 0.001 | |
White blood cell (K/µL) | 14.5 (10.7, 18.4) | 14.9 (11.6, 19.6) | < 0.001 | |
Platelet (K/uL) | 186.0 (149.0, 235.0) | 199.0 (154.0, 257.0) | < 0.001 | |
Glucose (mgl/L) | 116.0 (103.0, 130.0) | 171.0 (147.0, 209.0) | < 0.001 | |
HbA1c (%) | 5.8 (5.5, 6.4) | 5.6 (5.3, 6.1) | < 0.001 | |
Lactic acid(mmol/L) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.6) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.7) | 0.39 | |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.6) | < 0.001 | |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.5 (4.2, 4.8) | 4.5 (4.2, 5.0) | 0.11 | |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 139.0 (137.0, 141.0) | 140.0 (137.0, 142.0) | < 0.001 | |
Medicine and Outcomes | ||||
Anticoagulants, n (%) | 2621 (91.7%) | 1385 (94.4%) | < 0.001 | |
VA, n (%) | 129 (4.5%) | 122 (8.3%) | < 0.001 | |
VT, n (%) | 105(3.7%) | 91(6.2%) | < 0.001 | |
VF, n (%) | 38(1.3%) | 47(3.2%) | < 0.001 | |
Length of stay in ICU, days | 2.2 (1.3, 4.1) | 3.8 (2.0, 7.7) | < 0.001 | |
ICU death, n (%) | 95 (3.3%) | 192 (13.1%) | < 0.001 |