Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population grouped by SA before and after propensity-score matching

Demographics

Age(years)

72.0 ± 13.0

72.7 ± 13.3

0.329

72.2 ± 12.6

72.0 ± 13.6

0.788

Male, n (%)

359(55.7)

331(48.7)

0.011^*

275(52.1)

274(51.9)

0.951

Smoking, n (%)

190(29.5)

176(25.9)

0.146

149(28.2)

140(26.5)

0.534

BMI (kg/m²)

28.2(24.5–32.9)

27.7(23.7–32.4)

0.162

28.2(24.5–32.7)

28.0(24.3–33.1)

0.990

HR (b.p.m)

87(74–100)

89(78–103)

0.002^**

87(75–102)

87(76–101)

0.878

Hypertension, n (%)

303(47.0)

270(39.7)

0.008^**

233(44.1)

226(42.8)

0.664

Prior MI, n (%)

86(13.3)

90(13.2)

0.958

65(12.3)

73(13.8)

0.465

Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

209(32.4)

186(27.4)

0.045^*

152(28.8)

161(30.5)

0.544

COPD, n (%)

42(6.5)

45(6.6)

0.938

34(6.4)

32(6.1)

0.799

AF, n (%)

353(54.7)

356(52.4)

0.386

288(54.5)

273(51.7)

0.355

Diabetes, n (%)

251(38.9)

280(41.2)

0.401

202(38.3)

229(43.4)

0.118

Cardiogenic shock, n (%)

62(9.6)

97(14.3)

0.009^**

56(10.6)

53(10.0)

0.762

Digoxin, n (%)

99(15.3)

108(15.9)

0.789

83(15.7)

83(15.7)

1.000

β-blockers, n (%)

544(84.3)

555(81.6)

0.188

446(84.5)

437(82.8)

0.454

ACEI, n (%)

284(44.0)

267(39.3)

0.079

223(42.2)

225(42.6)

0.901

Diuretic, n (%)

597(92.6)

638(93.8)

0.360

489(92.6)

500(94.7)

0.165

WBC, 10⁹/L

10.5(7.7–14.4)

11.5(8.3–16.1)

< 0.001^***

11.2(8.2–15.1)

10.6(8.0-14.4)

0.254

HB, mg/dL

10.4(8.9–12.2)

9.9(8.8–11.4)

< 0.001^***

10.1(8.8–11.7)

10.1(9.0-11.7)

0.453

AG, mmol/L

14(11–16)

14(12–17)

0.059

14(11–17)

14(12–16)

0.982

Creatinine, mg/dL

1.2(0.9–1.7)

1.3(0.9-2.0)

0.002^**

1.2(0.9–1.8)

1.3(0.9–1.9)

0.263

Glucose, mg/dL

122(102–152)

122(99–156)

0.748

122(101–153)

124(101–158)

0.338

NT-proBNP, n (%)

0.009

0.259

< 6217 pg/mL

153(23.7)

134(19.7)

115(21.8)

108(20.5)

≥ 6217pg/mL

102(15.8)

150(22.1)

91(17.2)

112(21.2)

No test

390(60.5)

396(58.2)

322(61.0)

308(58.3)

SOFA scores

4.0(3.0–7.0)

5.0(3.0–8.0)

< 0.001^***

5.0(3.0–7.0)

5.0(3.0–7.0)

0.566

CRRT, n (%)

20(3.1)

45(6.6)

0.003^**

20(3.8)

16(3.0)

0.498

Assisted ventilation, n (%)

349(54.1)

386(56.8)

0.331

282(53.4)

289(54.7)

0.666

Outcomes

Hospital mortality, n (%)

61(9.5)

112(16.5)

< 0.001^***

53(10.0)

67(12.7)

0.175

90-day mortality, n (%)

116(18.0)

195(28.7)

< 0.001^***

97(18.4)

132(25.0)

0.009^**

Hospital LOS, days

10.3(7.0-15.4)

12.7(8.3–18.9)

< 0.001^***

10.7(7.0-15.8)

11.6(8.1–18.2)

0.002^**

ICU LOS, days

4.2(3.0–7.0)

5.1(3.4–9.5)

< 0.001^***

4.2(3.0-7.1)

4.9(3.2–8.1)

0.001^**