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Table 1 Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for categorical psychosocial factors and risk of hard CVD incidence: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000–2012)

From: Associations of emotional social support, depressive symptoms, chronic stress, and anxiety with hard cardiovascular disease events in the United States: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)

 

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

Category 4

Category5

P trend

Depressive symptoms range

0–2

3–5

6–10

11–15

≥ 16

 

Number of Event

97

76

96

43

55

-

Number of participants

1829

1549

1707

816

872

-

Model1†

1(reference)

0.90(0.66–1.22)

1.12(0.83–1.49)

1.01(0.69–1.47)

1.32(0.92–1.90)

0.09

Model2††

1(reference)

0.87(0.63–1.21)

1.18(0.86–1.59)

1.00(0.67–1.47)

1.30(0.89–1.90)

0.14

Chronic stress range

0

1

≥ 2

   

Number of Event

108

129

130

-

-

-

Number of participants

2308

2108

2332

-

-

-

Model1†

1(reference)

1.37(1.05–1.79)

1.51(1.16–1.96)

-

-

0.001

Model2††

1(reference)

1.35(1.02–1.79)

1.53(1.15–2.04)

-

-

0.003

Anxiety range

10–12

13–14

15–18

≥ 19

  

Number of Event

106

61

95

104

-

-

Number of participants

1766

1235

1957

1790

-

-

Model1†

1(reference)

0.94(0.68–1.31)

0.99(0.74–1.37)

1.25(0.93–1.67)

-

0.17

Model2††

1(reference)

0.66(0.29–1.49)

0.87(0.42–1.77)

1.51(0.80–2.86)

-

0.17

Emotional social support range

6–18

19–24

≥ 25

   

Number of Event

61

119

185

-

-

-

Number of participants

1022

2029

3712

-

-

-

Model1†

1(reference)

0.92(0.67–1.26)

0.70(0.52–0.95)

-

-

0.009

Model2††

1(reference)

0.89(0.64–1.24)

0.69(0.51–0.94)

-

-

0.009

  1. †Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, race, education, and family history of heart attack
  2. ††Model 2: adjusted for model 1 plus smoking, alcohol status, diabetes status, current aspirin use, hypertension medication use, and total intentional exercise, LDL-C, HDL-C, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and BMI.
  3. Higher scores on the psychosocial factors show more severe symptoms (Except emotional social support)