Association of the bovine aortic arch and bicuspid aortic valve with thoracic aortic disease

Table 2 Demographic characteristics and risk factors in patients with BAV

Variables	All (n = 185)	NA (n = 135)	BA(n = 50)	P value
Age (year)	53.8 ± 12.6	53.1 ± 12.9	55.7 ± 11.8	0.23
Male sex	137 (74.1)	101 (74.8)	36 (72)	0.70
BMI	24.5 ± 3.6	24.4 ± 3.5	24.6 ± 4.2	0.78
Smoking	143 (77.3)	103 (76.3)	40 (80)	0.60
Diabetes mellitus	18 (9.7)	12 (8.9)	6 (12)	0.53
Hypertension	65 (35.1)	45 (33.3)	20 (40)	0.40
Hyperlipidemia	95 (51.4)	72 (53.3)	23 (46)	0.38
NYHA functional III/IV	55 (29.7)	40 (29.6)	15 (30)	0.96
TAD	155 (83.8)	114 (84.4)	41 (81)	0.69
Sievers’ classification				0.15^*
0-lat	56 (30.3)	46 (34.1)	10 (20)
0-ap	15 (8.1)	11 (8.1)	4 (8)
1-L-R	85 (45.9)	57 (42.2)	28 (56)
1-R-N	18 (9.7)	15 (11.1)	3 (6)
1-N-L	11 (5.9)	6 (4.4)	5 (10)
Aortic valve function				0.47^*
AS	85 (45.9)	65 (48.1)	20 (40)
AI	63 (34.1)	46 (34.1)	17 (34)
AS/AI	15 (8.1)	11 (8.1)	4 (8)
Non-AS/AI	22 (11.9)	13 (9.6)	9 (18)
Aortopathy				0.25^*
Normal	34 (18.4)	24 (17.8)	10 (20)
Root	14 (7.6)	13 (9.6)	1 (2)
Ascending	92 (49.7)	67 (49.6)	25 (50)
Arch	45 (24.3)	31 (23)	14 (28)

Values are presented as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation
BA Bovine arch, NA Normal arch, BMI Body mass index, BAV Bicuspid aortic valve, TAD Thoracic aortic disease, NYHA New York Heart Association Functional Classification, The codification for the Sievers’ classification (Type 0 for value with no raphe; Type 1 for valve with one raphe); ap Anterior–posterior, lat Lateral, L Left coronary sinus, R Right coronary sinus, N Non-coronary sinus, AS Aortic stenosis, AI Aortic insufficiency
*Overall P value of χ² analysis of Sievers’ classification, aortic valve function, and aortopathy

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