Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Characteristics | Total (n = 2081) | Survival group (n = 1538) | Death group (n = 543) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender, n (%) | 0.108 | |||
Female | 823 (39.5%) | 592 (38.5%) | 231 (42.5%) | |
Male | 1258 (60.5%) | 946 (61.5%) | 312 (57.5%) | |
Age, years, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
< 65 | 631 (30.3%) | 559 (36.3%) | 72 (13.3%) | |
≥ 65 | 1450 (69.7%) | 979 (63.7%) | 471 (86.7%) | |
Race, n (%) | 0.207 | |||
Asian | 34 (1.63%) | 25 (1.63%) | 9 (1.66%) | |
Black | 114 (5.48%) | 89 (5.79%) | 25 (4.60%) | |
Other# | 422 (20.3%) | 296 (19.2%) | 126 (23.2%) | |
White | 1511 (72.6%) | 1128 (73.3%) | 383 (70.5%) | |
Marital status, n (%) | 0.035 | |||
Married | 1157 (55.6%) | 867 (56.4%) | 290 (53.4%) | |
Other* | 924 (44.4%) | 671 (43.6%) | 253 (46.6%) | |
Respiratory rate, times/min, Mean ± SD | 19.0 ± 6.80 | 18.3 ± 6.45 | 21.2 ± 7.29 | < 0.001 |
Heart rate, times/min, Mean ± SD | 88.3 ± 19.3 | 87.3 ± 18.6 | 91.1 ± 20.9 | < 0.001 |
SBP, mmHg, Mean ± SD | 122 ± 25.8 | 122 ± 25.0 | 120 ± 27.9 | 0.052 |
DBP, mmHg, Mean ± SD | 62.8 ± 17.1 | 63.5 ± 16.5 | 60.8 ± 18.6 | 0.003 |
SPO2, %, Mean ± SD | 96.7 ± 6.96 | 97.1 ± 6.09 | 95.7 ± 8.90 | 0.001 |
Sodium, mEq/L, Mean ± SD | 138 ± 4.79 | 138 ± 4.42 | 138 ± 5.70 | 0.907 |
Potassium, mEq/L, Mean ± SD | 4.36 ± 0.84 | 4.30 ± 0.81 | 4.53 ± 0.90 | < 0.001 |
Calcium, g/dL, Mean ± SD | 8.54 ± 0.97 | 8.58 ± 0.95 | 8.43 ± 0.99 | 0.002 |
CK-MB, ng/mL, Mean ± SD | 77.1 ± 152 | 82.5 ± 147 | 63.6 ± 165 | 0.058 |
pH, Mean ± SD | 7.36 ± 0.11 | 7.36 ± 0.10 | 7.34 ± 0.12 | < 0.001 |
WBC, K/uL, Mean ± SD | 12.6 ± 8.08 | 12.2 ± 7.49 | 13.9 ± 9.44 | < 0.001 |
Glucose, mg/dL, Mean ± SD | 179 ± 116 | 181 ± 120 | 175 ± 104 | 0.322 |
Creatinine, mg/dL, Mean ± SD | 1.80 ± 1.96 | 1.70 ± 2.02 | 2.09 ± 1.74 | < 0.001 |
BUN, mg/dL, Mean ± SD | 33.0 ± 23.9 | 30.1 ± 21.9 | 41.3 ± 27.0 | < 0.001 |
Bicarbonate, mEq/L, Mean ± SD | 23.2 ± 4.94 | 23.4 ± 4.76 | 22.6 ± 5.39 | 0.005 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL, Mean ± SD | 11.9 ± 2.16 | 12.0 ± 2.19 | 11.3 ± 1.96 | < 0.001 |
Albumin, g/dL, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Low level | 930 (44.7%) | 599 (38.9%) | 331 (61.0%) | |
High level | 1151 (55.3%) | 939 (61.1%) | 212 (39.0%) | |
RDW, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Low level | 1013 (48.7%) | 831 (54.0%) | 182 (33.5%) | |
High level | 1068 (51.3%) | 707 (46.0%) | 361 (66.5%) | |
RAR, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Low level | 1041 (50.0%) | 885 (57.5%) | 156 (28.7%) | |
High level | 1040 (50.0%) | 653 (42.5%) | 387 (71.3%) | |
SAPS II, Mean ± SD | 41.9 ± 13.8 | 39.1 ± 12.7 | 49.6 ± 13.7 | < 0.001 |
SOFA total score, Mean ± SD | 6.06 ± 3.47 | 5.63 ± 3.32 | 7.29 ± 3.60 | < 0.001 |
GCS score, Mean ± SD | 13.7 ± 2.81 | 13.9 ± 2.66 | 13.3 ± 3.17 | < 0.001 |
ECI score, Mean ± SD | 9.84 ± 8.02 | 8.55 ± 7.55 | 13.5 ± 8.18 | < 0.001 |
PCI, n (%) | 0.006 | |||
No | 1567 (75.3%) | 1134 (73.7%) | 433 (79.7%) | |
Yes | 514 (24.7%) | 404 (26.3%) | 110 (20.3%) | |
CABG, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1510 (72.6%) | 1083 (70.4%) | 427 (78.6%) | |
Yes | 571 (27.4%) | 455 (29.6%) | 116 (21.4%) | |
Thrombolysis, n (%) | 0.370 | |||
No | 1961 (94.2%) | 1454 (94.5%) | 507 (93.4%) | |
Yes | 120 (5.77%) | 84 (5.46%) | 36 (6.63%) | |
Vasopressor use, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1901 (91.4%) | 1453 (94.5%) | 448 (82.5%) | |
Yes | 180 (8.65%) | 85 (5.53%) | 95 (17.5%) | |
ICU length, days, Mean ± SD | 6.64 ± 7.40 | 5.97 ± 6.91 | 8.55 ± 8.35 | < 0.001 |