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Table 3 Univariate Cox and stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis of risk factors for adverse clinical events in patients with HCM

From: Predictive value of left atrial strain analysis in adverse clinical events in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a CMR study

Parameters

Univariate analysis

Stepwise regression analysis

HR

95% CI

p value

HR

95% CI

p value

Baseline and clinical

      

Age at CMR scan (continuous)

7.716

(2.740, 21.723)

 < 0.001***

   

Age at CMR scan (threshold)

1.096

(1.042, 1.153)

 < 0.001***

   

Men, n, %

0.530

(0.530,0.209)

0.182

   

Family history, n, %

0.844

(0.300, 2.371)

0.748

   

Body mass index, kg/m2(continuous)

0.882

(0.768, 1.011)

0.072

   

Body mass index, kg/m2(threshold)

2.745

(1.081, 6.971)

0.034*

   

Heart rate, beat/min (continuous)

0.930

(0.875, 0.988)

0.020*

   

Heart rate, beat/min (threshold)

3.986

(1.442, 11.017)

0.008**

4.137

(0.945, 18.112)

0.059

Hypertension, n, %

1.380

(0.518, 3.679)

0.520

   

Diabetes mellitus, n, %

0.898

(0.260, 3.105)

0.865

   

Smoking history n, %

1.194

(0.462, 3.083)

0.714

   

CAD, n, %

0.957

(0.313, 2.923)

0.938

   

LV parameters

      

Maximal LV thickness (continuous)

1.017

(0.950, 1.088)

0.624

   

Maximal LV thickness (threshold)

2.304

(0.912, 5.816)

0.077

   

LVEDVI (continuous)

0.999

(0.979, 1.019)

0.918

   

LVEDVI (threshold)

1.397

(0.554, 3.524)

0.478

   

LVESVI (continuous)

1.006

(0.989, 1.024)

0.466

   

LVESVI (threshold)

3.488

(1.335, 9.114)

0.011*

   

LVEF (continuous)

0.980

(0.953, 1.008)

0.167

   

LVEF (threshold)

2.788

(1.093, 7.110)

0.032*

   

LVSV (continuous)

0.984

(0.967, 1.000)

0.047*

   

LVSV (threshold)

3.102

(1.161, 8.283)

0.024*

7.654

(1.642, 35.682)

0.010**

LVCO (continuous)

0.720

(0.566,0.916)

0.008**

   

LVCO (threshold)

3.677

(1.424, 9.495)

0.007**

   

LVM (continuous)

1.001

(0.995, 1.007)

0.805

   

LVM (threshold)

1.394

(0.540, 3.600)

0.493

   

LVMI (continuous)

1.005

(0.994, 1.016)

0.387

   

LVMI (threshold)

2.132

(0.841, 5.406)

0.111

   

LA volume and function

      

LA diameter (continuous)

1.046

(0.976, 1.120)

0.204

   

LA diameter (threshold)

4.046

(1.558, 10.506)

0.004**

4.981

(1.223, 20.297)

0.025**

LAV max, ml (continuous)

1.021

(1.004, 1.038)

0.014*

   

LAV max, ml (threshold)

4.680

(1.069, 20.493)

0.041*

   

LAV pre-ac (continuous)

1.032

(1.014, 1.051)

 < 0.001***

   

LAV pre-ac (threshold)

6.248

(2.050, 19.042)

0.001**

4.175

(1.252,13.926)

0.020**

LAV min (continuous)

1.038

(1.020, 1.055)

 < 0.001***

   

LAV min (threshold)

5.299

(1.879, 14.939)

0.002**

   

Total LAEF (continuous)

0.897

(0.857,0.938)

 < 0.001***

   

Total LAEF (threshold)

6.600

(2.570, 16.950)

 < 0.001***

   

Passive LAEF (continuous)

0.844

(0.779,0.915)

 < 0.001***

   

Passive LAEF (threshold)

10.198

(3.957, 26.280)

 < 0.001***

8.808

(2.876, 26.980)

 < 0.001***

Active LAEF (continuous)

0.919

(0.877,0.964)

0.001**

   

Active LAEF (threshold)

5.666

(2.099, 15.295)

0.001**

   

LA strain

      

GLS reservoir (continuous)

0.828

(0.763,0.899)

 < 0.001***

   

GLS reservoir (threshold)

9.155

(3.295, 25.442)

 < 0.001***

   

GLS conduit (continuous)

0.685

(0.570,0.823)

 < 0.001***

   

GLS conduit (threshold)

5.602

(1.992, 15.750)

0.001**

   

GLS booster (continuous)

0.819

(0.726, 0.925)

0.001**

   

GLS booster (threshold)

8.132

(2.911, 22.712)

 < 0.001***

8.936

(1.951, 40.933)

0.005**

GCS (continuous)

0.881

(0.825,0.940)

 < 0.001***

   

GCS (threshold)

9.728

(3.797, 24.925)

 < 0.001***

   

LA strain rate

      

SR reservoir (continuous)

0.010

(0.001, 0.108)

 < 0.001***

   

SR reservoir (threshold)

4.147

(1.620, 10.615)

0.003**

   

SR conduit (continuous)

0.005

(0,0.071)

 < 0.001***

   

SR conduit (threshold)

6.149

(2.427, 15.582)

 < 0.001***

   

SR booster (continuous)

0.053

(0.013,0.220)

 < 0.001***

   

SR booster (threshold)

7.062

(2.620, 19.031)

 < 0.001***

   
  1. HR, hazard ratio; CAD, Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease; LV, left ventricular; EDVI, end-diastolic volume index; ESVI, end-systolic volume index; EF, ejection fraction; SV, stroke volume; CO, cardiac output; M, myocardial mass; MI, myocardial mass index; LA, left atrium; LAV, left atrial volume; LAEF, left atrial ejection fraction; GLS, global longitudinalstrain; GCS, global circumferential strain; SR, strain rate
  2. “*”, “**”, and “***” reflect that the difference between groups is statistically significant
  3. “*” represents p < 0.05; “**” represents p < 0.01; “***” represents p < 0.001
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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