Table 2 Univariate analysis and multivariable analysis of thrombus formation risk in patients with AF

Male

1.190 (0.681–2.077)

0.916 (0.502–1.670)

0.775

Age

1.015 (0.989–1.042)

1.021 (0.993–1.048)

0.139

BMI ≥ 24 kg/m²

2.137 (1.005–4.544)

2.051 (0.952–4.420)

0.067

Time to AF diagnosis

≥ 2 years

1.518 (0.881–2.616)

–

–

Persistent AF

3.278 (1.890–5.685)

3.152 (1.806–5.500)

< 0.001*

Coronary heart disease

0.654 (0.307–1.392)

–

–

Hyperlipidemia

0.633 (0.269–1.490)

–

–

LAD ≥ 40 mm

1.410 (0.829–2.398)

–

–

High risk in CHA₂DS₂-VASc score†

1.209 (0.710–2.057)

Congestive heart failure

1.825 (0.710–4.687)

–

–

Hypertension

1.018 (0.602–1.721)

–

–

Diabetes mellitus

1.686 (0.896–3.172)

–

–

Stroke/TIA

0.605 (0.187–1.958)

–

–

Liver dysfunction

0.222 (0.031–1.619)

–

–

Renal dysfunction

1.946 (1.090–3.473)

1.778 (0.969–3.262)

0.063

Smoking

1.357 (0.790–2.329)

–

–

Drinking

1.124 (0.638–1.980)

–

–