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Table 3 Between and within group comparison for life style

From: Effect of Leventhal’s self-regulatory intervention on the hypertensive patients’ illness perception and lifestyle: a randomized controlled trial

Subscale

Group time

Intervention

Control

Between group comparison

Mean ± SD(95% CI)

Mean ± SD(95% CI)

p-value

Global life style

Before

102.8 ± 2.3 (102–03.5)

112.1 ± 3 (111.1–13.1)

0.6

Post

112.1 ± 3 (111.1–113.1)

103.5 ± 2.1 (102.9–104.2)

0.001

Within group comparison

Effect size

0.8

0.07

 

p-value

0.001

0.09

 

Physical health

Before

9.1 ± 2.4 (8.4–9.8)

9.2 ± 2.2 (8.4–9.8)

0.7

Post

10.6 ± 1.8 (10.1–11.2)

9.1 ± 2.2 (8.4–9.7)

0.001

Within group comparison

Effect size

0.7

0.02

 

p-value

0.001

0.4

 

Exercise and fitness

Before

7.5 ± 3.8 (6.3–8.7)

7 ± 3.2 (6–7.9)

0.5

Post

8.9 ± 3.2 (8 -9.9)

6.9 ± 2.5 (6.1–7.7)

0.002

Within group comparison

Effect size

0.5

0.002

 

p-value

0.001

0.8

 

Weight control and nutrition

Before

9.1 ± 2.5 (8.4–9.8)

9 ± 2.4 (8.3–9.7)

0.8

Post

10.8 ± 2.4 (10.1–11.6)

9.1 ± 2.2 (8.5–9.8)

0.002

Within group comparison

Effect size

0.7

0.006

 

p-value

0.001

0.6

 

Environmental health

Before

11.3 ± 2.4 (10.5–12)

10.6 ± 1.9 (10–11.3)

0.2

Post

11.9 ± 2.2(11.2–12.7)

10.7 ± 1.7 (10.1–11.2)

0.005

Within group comparison

Effect size

0.2

0.001

 

p-value

0.001

0.7

 

Illness prevention

Before

10.8 ± 1.3 (10.5–11.3)

11.1 ± 1.3 (10.7–11.6)

0.3

Post

12.5 ± 1.6(11.9–13)

11.3 ± 1.5 (10.9–11.8)

0.002

Within Group comparison

Effect size

0.5

0.04

 

p-value

0.001

0.1

 

Psychological health

Before

8.5 ± 2.3 (7.9–9.3)

9.3 ± 2.1( 8.7–9.9)

0.1

Post

8.9 ± 2.1 (8.3–9.5)

9.1 ± 2 (8.5–9.7)

0.6

Within group comparison

Effect size

0.08

0.03

 

p-value

0.06

0.2

 

Spiritual health

Before

10.7 ± 2.1(10.1–11.4)

10.6 ± 2.5 (9.8–11.4)

0.7

Post

10.6 ± 2.3(10.2–11.6)

10.6 ± 2.5 (9.9–11.4)

0.5

Within group comparison

Effect size

0.05

0.003

 

p-value

0.1

0.7

 

Social health

Before

10.5 ± 1.8(9.9–11.1)

11.1 ± 1.9 (10.5–11.2)

0.1

Post

10.6 ± 1.7(10.1–11.2)

11.3 ± 1.71 (0.8–11.8)

0.09

Within group comparison

Effect size

0.02

0.03

 

p-value

0.3

0.2

 

Avoidance of drugs, opiates and alcohol

Before

13.1 ± 1.6 (12.6–13.7)

13.5 ± 1.6 (12.9–13.9)

0.3

Post

13.9 ± 1.6 (13.5–14.4)

13.7 ± 1.9 (13.1–14.3)

0.01

Within group comparison

Effect size

0.5

0.07

 

p-value

0.001

0.08

 

Prevention of accidents

Before

12 ± 2.6 (11.2–12.8)

11.3 ± 2.1 (10.7–12)

0.2

Post

12.9 ± 2.3 (12.3–13.7)

11.5 ± 1.7 (11–12.1)

0.002

Within group comparison

Effect size

0.5

0.01

 

p-value

0.001

0.4

 
  1. Between group comparison based on t-test
  2. Within group compariason based on paired t-test