Fig. 1

Changes in viability and apoptosis rate of HUVECs during ox-LDL-induced damage. A Cell viability after treatment with different concentrations of ox-LDL (25, 50, 100, or 150 μg/mL) detected using a CCK8 kit. B Cell viability at different time points (12, 24, or 48 h) when HUVECs were cultured with 100 μg/mL ox-LDL. C Cell cytotoxicity after treatment with different concentrations of ox-LDL detected using a LDH kit. D Cell cytotoxicity at different time points when HUVECs were cultured with 100 μg/mL ox-LDL. E Representative flow cytometry profiles of the control and ox-LDL groups. The HUVECs in the control group were untreated and the ox-LDL group was treated with 100 μg/mL ox-LDL for 24 h. F Percentage of apoptotic cells. G Representative western blot images of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved PARP expression. Original images of western blots are shown in Additional file 1: Supplementary Fig. 1A–C. The relative protein expression levels of H Cleaved Caspase-3 and I Cleaved PARP. Each experiment was independently repeated three times and the data were expressed as means ± SEM. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, and ^***p < 0.001 versus Control