Table 1 The baseline clinical, echocardiographic, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings according to the disease
Variables | HCM (n = 133) | AMI (n = 123) | DCM (n = 114) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 58.5 ± 13.1 | 55.7 ± 12.2 | 54.3 ± 15.3* | 0.04 |
Male [n (%)] | 97 (73) | 111 (90)*† | 86 (75) | 0.001 |
Body surface area (m2) | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 0.17 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 118 (107, 135) | 114 (103, 129) | 118 (103, 132) | 0.10 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 72 (62, 80) | 71 (65, 79)† | 78 (67, 89)* | 0.001 |
NYHA class | 1.42 ± 0.59 | 1.62 ± 0.61*† | 2.42 ± 0.65* | < 0.001 |
Diabetes [n (%)] | 25 (19) | 27 (22) | 20 (18) | 0.67 |
Hypertension [n (%)] | 71 (53) | 58 (47) | 48 (42) | 0.21 |
ACEi/ARB [n (%)] | 69 (52) | 101 (82)* | 96 (84)* | < 0.001 |
Beta-blocker [n (%)] | 92 (69) | 104 (85)* | 93 (82) | 0.01 |
Diuretics [n (%)] | 28 (21) | 10 (8)*† | 81 (71)* | < 0.001 |
1Atrial fibrillation [n (%)] | 14 (11) | 3 (2)*† | 25 (22)* | < 0.001 |
2NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 711.9 ± 1111.9 | 4845.1 ± 7338..4* | 0.004 | |
2BNP (pg/mL) | 141.3 ± 255.2† | 1389.5 ± 1233.3 | < 0.001 | |
eGFR (mL/m2/1.73 m2) | 82.4 ± 13.5 | 93.0 ± 23.6*† | 83.5 ± 18.3 | < 0.001 |
Echocardiography | ||||
Relative wall thickness | 0.48 (0.42, 0.55) | 0.42 (0.38, 0.48)*† | 0.31 (0.27, 0.36)* | < 0.001 |
e′ (cm/s) | 5 (4, 6) | 6 (5, 7)*† | 5 (4, 7) | < 0.001 |
a′ (cm/s) | 8 (7, 9) | 9 (7, 10)*† | 5 (3, 7)* | < 0.001 |
s′ (cm/s) | 7 (6, 8) | 7 (6, 8)† | 4 (3, 5)* | < 0.001 |
E/e′ | 13.6 (10.6, 18.5) | 10.6 (8.8, 13.4)*† | 16.0 (11.9, 22.3) | < 0.001 |
PASP (mmHg) | 26.7 (23.4, 31.0) | 23.8 (19.4, 28.1)*† | 38.1 (24.2, 46.8)* | < 0.001 |
LAVI (mL/m2) | 33.7 (27.7, 46.4) | 21.7 (17.4, 26.6)*† | 49.5 (36.2, 63.9)* | < 0.001 |
LVMI (g/m2) | 119.8 (101.6, 143.0) | 93.14 (77.9, 106.2)*† | 129.0 (104.8, 149.1) | < 0.001 |
LV ejection fraction (%) | 70 (66, 73) | 48 (42, 55)*† | 22 (17, 32)* | < 0.001 |
CMR | ||||
LV-EDVI (mL/m2) | 75.62 (65.7, 84.5) | 80.62 (71.8, 88.0)† | 138.69 (111.2, 162.3)* | < 0.001 |
LA-GLS (%) | 18.8 (13.5, 23.9) | 20.7 (16.4, 27.2)† | 8.4 (4.8, 12.7)* | < 0.001 |
LAVImax (mL/m2) | 64.0 (50.8, 81.4) | 47.9 (39.9, 61.2)*† | 66.0 (49.6, 81.8) | < 0.001 |
LAVImin (mL/m2) | 34.9 (23.5, 48.4) | 23.47 (17.58, 30.24)*† | 49.35 (31.59, 66.94)* | < 0.001 |
LA preA volume index (mL/m2) | 49.17 (33.91, 60.22) | 36.4 (28.9, 44.3)*† | 52.4 (37.0, 68.5) | < 0.001 |
LA total emptying fraction (%) | 44.7 (35.1, 52.1) | 51.2 (44.7, 59.1)*† | 25.9 (20.2, 38.0)* | < 0.001 |
LA reservoir fraction (%) | 80.7 (54.0, 108.7) | 105.1 (80.8, 144.7)*† | 35.0 (25.3, 61.3)* | < 0.001 |
LA conduit fraction (%) | 27.0 (17.4, 36.9) | 35.7 (21.6, 45.1)*† | 16.4 (9.4, 27.2)* | < 0.001 |
LA active emptying fraction (%) | 30.2 (23.8, 35.3) | 35.3 (29.7, 41.8)*† | 17.9 (9.0, 31.6)* | < 0.001 |
E/e′/LA-GLS (%) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.3) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.8)*† | 1.9 (1.1, 4.3)* | < 0.001 |
ECVavg (%) | 31.9 (28.8, 35.3) | 37.2 (33.9, 42.2)*† | 33.6 (30.2, 35.9) | < 0.001 |