Table 2 Risk analysis of incident carotid plaque

Gender

  Female

Reference

Reference

  Male

1.33(1.08, 1.64)

0.008

1.26(1.01, 1.56)

0.040

Age (years)

  < 45

Reference

Reference

  45–59

2.10(1.63, 2.71)

< 0.001

2.00(1.55, 2.58)

< 0.001

  ≥ 60

3.39(2.50, 4.59)

< 0.001

3.36(2.47, 4.58)

< 0.001

History of smoking

  Never

Reference

  Current

1.18(0.92, 1.51)

0.203

  Former

1.36(0.70, 2.63)

0.368

Hypertension

1.50(1.21, 1.85)

< 0.001

Diabetes

1.97(1.44, 2.70)

< 0.001

1.46(1.06, 2.01)

0.021

BMI (kg/m²)

1.05(1.02, 1.08)

0.003

  ≥ 25 kg/m²

1.16(0.95, 1.43)

0.140

SBP (per 20 mmHg increase)

1.25(1.11, 1.41)

< 0.001

DBP (per 20 mmHg increase)

1.18(1.00, 1.40)

0.055

HbA1c

1.38(1.21, 1.59)

< 0.001

TC

1.03(0.94, 1.13)

0.551

LDL-C/HDL-C ratio

1.29(1.15, 1.45)

< 0.001

1.22(1.07, 1.38)

0.002

TG

1.05(0.96, 1.16)

0.259