Table 5 Causative agents of the ADRs among hospitalized heart failure patients at MRRH, Southwestern Uganda from November 2021 to January 2022
ATC class | Drug | ADR and frequency |
|---|---|---|
Alimentary Tract and Metabolism agents (4) | Bisacodyl (1) | Diarrhea (1) |
Glibenclamide and insulin (1) | Hypoglycemia (1) | |
Metformin (2) | Gastritis (2) | |
Blood and blood-forming organs (8) | Warfarin (5) | increased INR (5) |
Aspirin (2) | Gastritis (2) | |
Iron sulfate (1) | Abdominal pain (1) | |
Cardiovascular system drugs (119) | Digoxin (20) | Blurred vision (6), tinnitus (2), Abdominal pain (3), Confusion (1), Atrial tachycardia(1), Nausea and vomiting (2), vomiting (1), altered mental status (2), tremor (2) |
Bisoprolol (2) | Arrhythmia (1) | |
Enalapril (4) | Systolic hypotension (1), Dry cough (3) | |
Furosemide (57) | Constipation (10), Hypotension (7), Hyponatremia(21), Hypokalemia(5), Hypochloremia (2), dizziness (10), Nausea (1), Systolic hypotension (2), | |
Furosemide, bisoprolol, enalapril (8) | Hypotension (8) | |
Furosemide, carvedilol (4) | Hypotension (4) | |
Furosemide, Digoxin (3) | Dizziness (2), Abdominal pain (1) | |
Carvedilol (2) | Hypotension (2) | |
Captopril (2) | Hypotension (1), dry cough (1) | |
Nifedipine (13) | Headache (9), Hypotension (3), reflex tachycardia (1) | |
Valsartan (1) | Dry cough (1) | |
Losartan (4) | Dry cough (3), Increased Cr (1) | |
Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. Sex hormones and insulins (2) | Carbimazole (1) | Sore throat (1) |
Prednisolone(1) | Hyperglycemia (1) | |
Anti-infective for systemic use (34) | Ampicillin (2) | Nausea (2) |
Azithromycin (1) | Abdominal pain (1) | |
Benzathine Penicillin (2) | Pain at the injection site (1), Anaphylaxis (1) | |
Ceftriaxone (11) | Dizziness (6), Diarrhea (1), Nausea (3), Vomiting (1) | |
Ciprofloxacin (1) | Nausea (1) | |
Gentamicin (3) | Diarrhea (1), vomiting (2) | |
Levofloxacin (1) | Tinnitus (1) | |
RHZ (3) | Increased liver enzyme (2), tinnitus (1), | |
Ethambutol (1) | Increased Cr (1) | |
(TDF/3TC/DTG) (3) | Body weakness (3), | |
TDF (3) | Increased Cr (3) | |
DTG (3) | Insomnia (3) | |
Anti-parasitic products, insects sides repellants (4) | Metronidazole (2) | Loss of appetite (1), Nausea (1) |
Artesunate (2) | nausea and vomiting (1), Abdominal pain (1) | |
Nervous system agents (3) | Morphine (1) | Constipation (1) |
Tramadol (1) | Nausea and Vomiting (1), constipation (1) | |
Pregabalin (1) | Dizziness (1) |