Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population

Age (year)

36.93 ± 12.15

60.11 ± 10.46

61.82 ± 10.45

57.14 ± 10.55

< 0.0001

Female, N (%)

59(58.42%)

161(55.71%)

34(26.36%)

42(22.11%)

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m²)

23.4 ± 3.33

25.49 ± 3.36

25.16 ± 3.65

25.66 ± 3.35

< 0.0001

Hypertension, N (%)

0 (0%)

178 (62.02%)

96 (72.73%)

112 (58.64%)

< 0.0001

Hyperlipidemia, N (%)

0 (0%)

181 (63.07%)

105 (79.55%)

167 (87.43%)

< 0.0001

Diabetes, N (%)

0 (0%)

74 (25.78%)

54 (40.91%)

52 (27.23%)

< 0.0001

𝛃-blocker, N (%)

0 (0%)

56 (21.71%)

49 (40.83%)

116 (67.05%)

< 0.0001

Diltiazem, N (%)

0(0%)

9(3.48%)

6(5.00%)

5(2.19%)

< 0.0001

Haemoglobin (g/l)

134.77 ± 17.62

139.32 ± 13.8

136.7 ± 15.87

138.95 ± 15.77

0.21

hs-cTnT (ng/ml)

0(0,0.01)

0.01(0,0.01)

0.01(0.01,0.02)

0.05(0.01,0.36)

< 0.0001

NT-proBNP (pg/dl)

89(54,136)

57(25,97)

93(38,154)

269(110.5,587)

< 0.0001

Fasting glucose (mmol/l)

5.62 ± 0.9

5.9 ± 1.65

6.06 ± 1.59

6.31 ± 2.01

0.04

eGFR (ml/min*1.73m²)

107.46 ± 15.33

93.76 ± 14.31

88.29 ± 17.59

89.29 ± 16.51

< 0.0001

TC (mmol/l)

4.59 ± 0.86

4.6 ± 0.94

3.75 ± 0.87

4.13 ± 0.99

< 0.0001

TG (mmol/l)

1.52(0.96,2.14)

1.42(1.05,1.95)

1.24(0.88,1.8)

1.6(1.17,2.03)

0.25

HDL-C (mmol/l)

1.16 ± 0.24

1.15 ± 0.29

1.05 ± 0.26

0.93 ± 0.21

< 0.0001

LDL-C (mmol/l)

2.77 ± 0.87

2.81 ± 0.88

2.08 ± 0.66

2.58 ± 0.93

< 0.0001

HbA1c (%)

5.73 ± 0.56

6.12 ± 1.02

6.25 ± 0.86

6.45 ± 1.52

0.02

LVEDD (mm)

45.54 ± 3.37

46.65 ± 3.83

48.03 ± 4.07

49.33 ± 4.68

< 0.0001

LVEDV (ml)

95.79 ± 16.89

101.59 ± 19.72

108.76 ± 21.25

116.04 ± 26.12

< 0.0001

LVESD (mm)

26.75 ± 3.56

28.04 ± 3.42

29.63 ± 4.24

30.95 ± 5.11

< 0.0001

LVEF (%)

65.57 ± 2.86

65.43 ± 3.43

63.88 ± 5.39

58.46 ± 8.82

< 0.0001