Table 1 Diabetic patient characteristics

A) Diabetic patient characteristics sorted by FMD

Low FMD (n = 42)

High FMD (n = 42)

P value

Male, n (%)

30 (71.43)

32 (76.19)

0.620

Age, years

66.45 ± 7.97

64.04 ± 8.455

0.008

BMI, kg/m²

27.55 ± 3.29

27.55 ± 2.96

0.492

Smoke, n (%)

12 (28.57)

19 (45.24)

0.113

Hypertension, n (%)

31 (73.80)

32 (76.19)

0.801

 SBP, mmHg

138.26 ± 18.3

137.69 ± 18.8

0.782

 DBP, mmHg

74.33 ± 10.52

74.94 ± 11.39

0.628

FBG, mmol/L

6.81 ± 3.04

6.63 ± 2.47

0.516

HbA1c, %

7.64 ± 1.17

7.53 ± 1.26

0.428

HOMA-IR

4.94 ± 4.21

3.78 ± 2.44

0.126

DM duration, years

9.79 ± 7.94

6.02 ± 4.54

0.009

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

22 (52.38)

24 (57.14)

0.661

 Triglyceride, mmol/L

1.60 ± 1.02

1.63 ± 1.40

0.861

 Total cholesterol, mmol/L

3.95 ± 1.04

3.88 ± 0.99

0.498

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.14 ± 0.26

1.15 ± 0.26

0.630

 LDL-C, mmol/L

2.21 ± 0.65

2.24 ± 0.72

0.675

 ApoA, g/L

1.20 ± 0.22

1.20 ± 0.20

0.775

 ApoB, g/L

0.77 ± 0.28

0.70 ± 0.16

0.024

 Lp(a), g/L

0.26 ± 0.29

0.28 ± 0.30

0.484

BUN, mmol/L

6.63 ± 2.94

6.20 ± 2.32

0.087

Serum creatinine, μmol/L

80.86 ± 21.85

80.41 ± 18.52

0.826

eGFR, ml·min⁻¹·1.73 m⁻²

80.7 ± 19.00

83.36 ± 16.46

0.140

UA, μmol/L

341.98 ± 111.29

349.87 ± 96.79

0.458

hsCRP, mg/L

6.81 ± 20.5

5.36 ± 16.55

0.427

Gensini score

74.95 ± 64.55

34.06 ± 45.96

0.001

SYNTAX score

21.56 ± 16.46

11.10 ± 13.51

0.002

ApoA-IV, mg/dL

17.69 ± 9.16

29.96 ± 13.17

 < 0.001

Medication, n (%)

 ACE inhibitor

22 (52.38)

24 (57.14)

0.661

 β-blocker

32 (76.19)

26 (61.90)

0.157

 Calcium channel blocker

14 (33.33)

12 (28.57)

0.637

 Statins

36 (85.71)

40 (95.24)

0.137

 Antiplatelet

23 (54.76)

18 (42.86)

0.275

 Metformin

23 (54.76)

23 (54.76)

1

 Sulfonylureas

9 (21.43)

7 (16.67)

0.782

 DPP-4 inhibitors

1 (2.38)

1 (2.38)

1

 SGLT2 inhibitors

4 (9.52)

0

0.116

 Meglitinides

3 (10.71)

6 (21.43)

0.480

 Thiazolidinediones

2 (4.76)

0

0.494

 α-glucosidase inhibitors

12 (28.57)

12 (28.57)

1

 Insulin

15 (35.71)

11 (26.19)

0.345

B) Diabetic patient characteristics sorted by ApoA-IV tertiles

ApoA4 Tertile1 (n = 28)

ApoA4 Tertile2 (n = 28)

ApoA4 Tertile3 (n = 28)

P for trend

Male, n (%)

20 (71.43)

21 (75.00)

21 (75.00)

0.763

Age, years

66.07 ± 7.69

65.46 ± 7.48

60.57 ± 9.26

0.014

BMI, kg/m²

27.16 ± 3.22

27.78 ± 2.43

27.71 ± 3.23

0.492

Smoke, n (%)

8 (28.57)

10 (35.71)

13 (46.43)

0.169

Hypertension, n (%)

21 (75.00)

19 (67.86)

24 (85.71)

0.349

 SBP, mmHg

137.32 ± 15.86

139.93 ± 22.56

135.82 ± 17.82

0.768

 DBP, mmHg

75.00 ± 11.38

71.96 ± 11.69

77.86 ± 10.72

0.346

FBG, mmol/L

7.82 ± 3.56

6.10 ± 1.33

5.98 ± 1.44

0.004

HbA1c, %

7.94 ± 1.57

7.11 ± 0.80

7.54 ± 1.18

0.225

HOMA-IR

4.64 ± 2.41

3.44 ± 1.75

4.99 ± 5.16

0.704

DM duration, years

9.14 ± 7.70

7.64 ± 6.49

6.93 ± 5.83

0.456

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

16 (57.14)

14 (50.00)

16 (57.14)

1.000

 Triglyceride, mmol/L

1.36 ± 0.67

1.49 ± 0.88

2.04 ± 2.14

0.073

 Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.08 ± 1.10

3.63 ± 1.00

3.93 ± 0.82

0.551

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.16 ± 0.28

1.16 ± 0.26

1.14 ± 0.24

0.677

 LDL-C, mmol/L

2.39 ± 0.74

2.00 ± 0.70

2.34 ± 0.68

0.817

 ApoA, g/L

1.20 ± 0.21

1.21 ± 0.18

1.20 ± 0.21

0.990

 ApoB, g/L

0.80 ± 0.40

0.70 ± 0.20

0.80 ± 0.18

0.919

 Lp(a), g/L

0.26 ± 0.33

0.30 ± 0.29

0.29 ± 0.28

0.703

BUN, mmol/L

6.13 ± 1.61

6.58 ± 3.32

5.88 ± 1.61

0.680

Serum creatinine, μmol/L

79.43 ± 15.45

82.00 ± 22.43

79.80 ± 17.56

0.941

eGFR, ml·min⁻¹·1.73 m⁻²

82.73 ± 14.40

81.25 ± 19.00

86.10 ± 15.85

0.448

UA, μmol/L

337.18 ± 79.00

357.43 ± 110.06

355.00 ± 100.43

0.496

hsCRP, mg/L

6.29 ± 21.28

4.44 ± 14.10

5.35 ± 13.73

0.834

Gensini score

62.77 ± 56.75

61.68 ± 70.13

39.07 ± 48.21

0.137

SYNTAX score

17.27 ± 16.20

18.04 ± 17.50

13.68 ± 13.92

0.402

FMD, %

5.00 ± 1.81

6.50 ± 2.63

7.22 ± 1.70

 < 0.001

Medication, n (%)

 ACE inhibitor

13 (46.43)

16 (57.14)

17 (60.71)

0.286

 β-blocker

19 (67.86)

19 (67.86)

20 (71.43)

0.774

 Calcium channel blocker

6 (21.43)

12 (42.86)

8 (28.57)

0.566

 Statins

25 (89.29)

24 (85.71)

27 (96.43)

0.365

 Antiplatelet

13 (46.43)

10 (35.71)

18 (64.29)

0.184

 Metformin

19 (67.86)

11 (39.29)

16 (57.14)

0.095

 Sulfonylureas

6 (21.43)

6 (21.43)

4 (14.29)

0.734

 DPP-4 inhibitors

0

1 (3.57)

1 (3.57)

/

 SGLT2 inhibitors

2 (7.14)

1 (3.57)

1 (3.57)

/

 Meglitinides

4 (14.29)

2 (7.14)

3 (10.71)

/

 Thiazolidinediones

2 (7.14)

0

0

/

 α-glucosidase inhibitors

9 (32.14)

8 (28.57)

7 (25.00)

0.839

 Insulin

11 (39.29)

10 (35.71)

5 (17.86)

0.178