A) Diabetic patient characteristics sorted by FMD | ||||
Low FMD (n = 42) | High FMD (n = 42) | P value | ||
Male, n (%) | 30 (71.43) | 32 (76.19) | 0.620 | |
Age, years | 66.45 ± 7.97 | 64.04 ± 8.455 | 0.008 | |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.55 ± 3.29 | 27.55 ± 2.96 | 0.492 | |
Smoke, n (%) | 12 (28.57) | 19 (45.24) | 0.113 | |
Hypertension, n (%) | 31 (73.80) | 32 (76.19) | 0.801 | |
SBP, mmHg | 138.26 ± 18.3 | 137.69 ± 18.8 | 0.782 | |
DBP, mmHg | 74.33 ± 10.52 | 74.94 ± 11.39 | 0.628 | |
FBG, mmol/L | 6.81 ± 3.04 | 6.63 ± 2.47 | 0.516 | |
HbA1c, % | 7.64 ± 1.17 | 7.53 ± 1.26 | 0.428 | |
HOMA-IR | 4.94 ± 4.21 | 3.78 ± 2.44 | 0.126 | |
DM duration, years | 9.79 ± 7.94 | 6.02 ± 4.54 | 0.009 | |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 22 (52.38) | 24 (57.14) | 0.661 | |
Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.60 ± 1.02 | 1.63 ± 1.40 | 0.861 | |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.95 ± 1.04 | 3.88 ± 0.99 | 0.498 | |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.14 ± 0.26 | 1.15 ± 0.26 | 0.630 | |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.21 ± 0.65 | 2.24 ± 0.72 | 0.675 | |
ApoA, g/L | 1.20 ± 0.22 | 1.20 ± 0.20 | 0.775 | |
ApoB, g/L | 0.77 ± 0.28 | 0.70 ± 0.16 | 0.024 | |
Lp(a), g/L | 0.26 ± 0.29 | 0.28 ± 0.30 | 0.484 | |
BUN, mmol/L | 6.63 ± 2.94 | 6.20 ± 2.32 | 0.087 | |
Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 80.86 ± 21.85 | 80.41 ± 18.52 | 0.826 | |
eGFR, ml·min−1·1.73 m−2 | 80.7 ± 19.00 | 83.36 ± 16.46 | 0.140 | |
UA, μmol/L | 341.98 ± 111.29 | 349.87 ± 96.79 | 0.458 | |
hsCRP, mg/L | 6.81 ± 20.5 | 5.36 ± 16.55 | 0.427 | |
Gensini score | 74.95 ± 64.55 | 34.06 ± 45.96 | 0.001 | |
SYNTAX score | 21.56 ± 16.46 | 11.10 ± 13.51 | 0.002 | |
ApoA-IV, mg/dL | 17.69 ± 9.16 | 29.96 ± 13.17 | < 0.001 | |
Medication, n (%) | ||||
ACE inhibitor | 22 (52.38) | 24 (57.14) | 0.661 | |
β-blocker | 32 (76.19) | 26 (61.90) | 0.157 | |
Calcium channel blocker | 14 (33.33) | 12 (28.57) | 0.637 | |
Statins | 36 (85.71) | 40 (95.24) | 0.137 | |
Antiplatelet | 23 (54.76) | 18 (42.86) | 0.275 | |
Metformin | 23 (54.76) | 23 (54.76) | 1 | |
Sulfonylureas | 9 (21.43) | 7 (16.67) | 0.782 | |
DPP-4 inhibitors | 1 (2.38) | 1 (2.38) | 1 | |
SGLT2 inhibitors | 4 (9.52) | 0 | 0.116 | |
Meglitinides | 3 (10.71) | 6 (21.43) | 0.480 | |
Thiazolidinediones | 2 (4.76) | 0 | 0.494 | |
α-glucosidase inhibitors | 12 (28.57) | 12 (28.57) | 1 | |
Insulin | 15 (35.71) | 11 (26.19) | 0.345 | |
B) Diabetic patient characteristics sorted by ApoA-IV tertiles | ||||
ApoA4 Tertile1 (n = 28) | ApoA4 Tertile2 (n = 28) | ApoA4 Tertile3 (n = 28) | P for trend | |
Male, n (%) | 20 (71.43) | 21 (75.00) | 21 (75.00) | 0.763 |
Age, years | 66.07 ± 7.69 | 65.46 ± 7.48 | 60.57 ± 9.26 | 0.014 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.16 ± 3.22 | 27.78 ± 2.43 | 27.71 ± 3.23 | 0.492 |
Smoke, n (%) | 8 (28.57) | 10 (35.71) | 13 (46.43) | 0.169 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 21 (75.00) | 19 (67.86) | 24 (85.71) | 0.349 |
SBP, mmHg | 137.32 ± 15.86 | 139.93 ± 22.56 | 135.82 ± 17.82 | 0.768 |
DBP, mmHg | 75.00 ± 11.38 | 71.96 ± 11.69 | 77.86 ± 10.72 | 0.346 |
FBG, mmol/L | 7.82 ± 3.56 | 6.10 ± 1.33 | 5.98 ± 1.44 | 0.004 |
HbA1c, % | 7.94 ± 1.57 | 7.11 ± 0.80 | 7.54 ± 1.18 | 0.225 |
HOMA-IR | 4.64 ± 2.41 | 3.44 ± 1.75 | 4.99 ± 5.16 | 0.704 |
DM duration, years | 9.14 ± 7.70 | 7.64 ± 6.49 | 6.93 ± 5.83 | 0.456 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 16 (57.14) | 14 (50.00) | 16 (57.14) | 1.000 |
Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.36 ± 0.67 | 1.49 ± 0.88 | 2.04 ± 2.14 | 0.073 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.08 ± 1.10 | 3.63 ± 1.00 | 3.93 ± 0.82 | 0.551 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.16 ± 0.28 | 1.16 ± 0.26 | 1.14 ± 0.24 | 0.677 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.39 ± 0.74 | 2.00 ± 0.70 | 2.34 ± 0.68 | 0.817 |
ApoA, g/L | 1.20 ± 0.21 | 1.21 ± 0.18 | 1.20 ± 0.21 | 0.990 |
ApoB, g/L | 0.80 ± 0.40 | 0.70 ± 0.20 | 0.80 ± 0.18 | 0.919 |
Lp(a), g/L | 0.26 ± 0.33 | 0.30 ± 0.29 | 0.29 ± 0.28 | 0.703 |
BUN, mmol/L | 6.13 ± 1.61 | 6.58 ± 3.32 | 5.88 ± 1.61 | 0.680 |
Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 79.43 ± 15.45 | 82.00 ± 22.43 | 79.80 ± 17.56 | 0.941 |
eGFR, ml·min−1·1.73 m−2 | 82.73 ± 14.40 | 81.25 ± 19.00 | 86.10 ± 15.85 | 0.448 |
UA, μmol/L | 337.18 ± 79.00 | 357.43 ± 110.06 | 355.00 ± 100.43 | 0.496 |
hsCRP, mg/L | 6.29 ± 21.28 | 4.44 ± 14.10 | 5.35 ± 13.73 | 0.834 |
Gensini score | 62.77 ± 56.75 | 61.68 ± 70.13 | 39.07 ± 48.21 | 0.137 |
SYNTAX score | 17.27 ± 16.20 | 18.04 ± 17.50 | 13.68 ± 13.92 | 0.402 |
FMD, % | 5.00 ± 1.81 | 6.50 ± 2.63 | 7.22 ± 1.70 | < 0.001 |
Medication, n (%) | ||||
ACE inhibitor | 13 (46.43) | 16 (57.14) | 17 (60.71) | 0.286 |
β-blocker | 19 (67.86) | 19 (67.86) | 20 (71.43) | 0.774 |
Calcium channel blocker | 6 (21.43) | 12 (42.86) | 8 (28.57) | 0.566 |
Statins | 25 (89.29) | 24 (85.71) | 27 (96.43) | 0.365 |
Antiplatelet | 13 (46.43) | 10 (35.71) | 18 (64.29) | 0.184 |
Metformin | 19 (67.86) | 11 (39.29) | 16 (57.14) | 0.095 |
Sulfonylureas | 6 (21.43) | 6 (21.43) | 4 (14.29) | 0.734 |
DPP-4 inhibitors | 0 | 1 (3.57) | 1 (3.57) | / |
SGLT2 inhibitors | 2 (7.14) | 1 (3.57) | 1 (3.57) | / |
Meglitinides | 4 (14.29) | 2 (7.14) | 3 (10.71) | / |
Thiazolidinediones | 2 (7.14) | 0 | 0 | / |
α-glucosidase inhibitors | 9 (32.14) | 8 (28.57) | 7 (25.00) | 0.839 |
Insulin | 11 (39.29) | 10 (35.71) | 5 (17.86) | 0.178 |