Determinants of metabolic syndrome among patients attending diabetes clinics in two sub-urban hospitals: Bono Region, Ghana

Table 2 Mean physical and biochemical measurement of participants by sex and metabolic syndrome

	Total	Male	Female	P-value	MS Present	MS Absent	P-value
Parameter	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	P-value	MS Present	MS Absent	P-value
Age (years)	58.84 ± 11.49	60.39 ± 11.46	57.71 ± 11.40	0.015	58.71 ± 11.50	59.14 ± 11.50	0.716
Duration of T2DM (years)	5.30 ± 3.84	5.12 ± 3.42	5.41 ± 4.11	0.973	5.79 ± 3.92	4.22 ± 3.43	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	25.76 ± 4.74	25.60 ± 4.17	25.87 ± 5.11	0.573	26.99 ± 4.69	23.06 ± 3.60	< 0.001
WC (cm)	91.37 ± 11.34	91.86 ± 10.23	91.02 ± 12.11	0.447	94.83 ± 10.50	83.82 ± 9.31	< 0.001
SBP (mm/Hg)	134.06 ± 20.35	134.54 ± 21.02	133.72 ± 19.87	0.674	138.94 ± 20.42	123.40 ± 15.61	< 0.001
DBP (mm/Hg)	82.48 ± 10.72	82.27 ± 10.51	82.63 ± 10.89	0.729	84.85 ± 10.75	77.30 ± 8.68	< 0.001
TG (mg/dL)	136.36 ± 54.92	127.12 ± 50.28	143.08 ± 57.24	0.004	148.52 ± 58.36	107.60 ± 31.17	< 0.001
HDL (mg/dL)	35.87 ± 15.41	34.31 ± 15.13	37.01 ± 15.54	0.061	33.20 ± 1438	41.71 ± 16.00	< 0.001
FBG (mg/dL)	137.97 ± 54.22	135.69 ± 54.43	139.62 ± 54.11	0.385	139.97 ± 52.31	134.71 ± 58.23	0.400

WC Waist circumference, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, TG Triglycerides, HDL High-density lipoprotein, FBG Fasting Blood Glucose

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