Determinants of metabolic syndrome among patients attending diabetes clinics in two sub-urban hospitals: Bono Region, Ghana

Table 1 Characteristics of study participants and prevalence of MS

	Participants (N = 430)		Metabolic syndrome (N = 295)
Parameter	N	%	Prevalence	%	95% C.I	p-value
Sex						< 0.000
Men	181	42.1	105	42.0	35.0–49.4
Women	249	57.9	190	76.3	70.6–81.2
Marital status						0.009
Married	284	66.0	183	64.4	58.7–69.8
Divorce/Not married	146	34.0	112	76.7	69.1–82.9
Age categories						0.697
30–39	24	5.6	16	66.7	44.5–83.3
40–49	60	14.0	46	76.7	64.0–85.9
50–59	138	32.1	93	67.4	59.0–74.8
60–69	113	26.3	75	66.7	57.0–74.6
70–79	95	22.1	65	68.4	58.2–77.1
Occupation						0.212
Farmers	258	60	173	67.1	61.0–72.6
Traders	64	14.9	52	81.3	69.5–89.2
Office-related	27	6.3	17	63.0	42.5–79.7
Unemployed	66	15.3	43	65.2	52.6–75.9
Other	15	3.5	10	66.7	37.2–87.1
BMI
Normal/underweight	207	48.1	106	51.2	44.4–55.6	< 0.001
Overweight/Obesity	223	51.9	189	84.8	79.4–88.9
Educational status						0.679
Less than SHS education	383	89.1	264	68.9	64.1–73.4
SHS or higher	47	10.9	31	66.0	50.9–78.4
Family history of T2DM
Yes	306	71.2	214	69.9	64.5–74.8	0.351
No	124	28.8	81	65.3	56.2–73.3
Duration of T2DM						< 0.001
Less than 5 years	267	62.1	156	58.4	52.4–64.2
5 years and above	163	37.9	139	85.3	78.9–90.0
Physical activity						0.153
Three or more times/week	98	22.8	73	74.5	64.8–82.3
Less than three times/week	332	77.2	222	66.9	61.6–71.7
Fruits						0.368
Daily	22	5.1	14	63.6	42.2–80.7
Not daily	408	94.9	281	68.9	64.2–73.2
Vegetables (excludes tomatoes)						0.946
Daily	82	19.1	56	68.3	57.3–77.6
Not daily	348	80.9	239	68.7	63.6–73.4
Oil-cooked foods
Daily	64	14.9	48	75.0	63.0–84.1	0.254
Not daily	366	85.1	247	67.5	62.5–72.1
Alcohol consumption
At least occasionally	21	4.9	13	61.9	40.2–78.7	0.498
Don’t drink	409	96.1	282	68.5	64.2–73.3
Total	430	100.0	295	68.6	64.2–72.8

ISSN: 1471-2261