Table 1 Pre- and post-propensity-score matching features of patients receiving or not receiving albumin
From: Albumin infusion in hospitalized patients with acute heart failure: a retrospective cohort study
Variables | Unmatched patients | Propensity-score-matched patients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No albumin | Albumin | Standardized difference | No albumin | Albumin | Standardized difference | |
N | 701 | 337 | 337 | 337 | ||
Sex, Male (%) | 342 (48.8) | 154 (45.7) | 0.062 | 151 (44.8) | 154 (45.7) | 0.018 |
Age (%) | 0.215 | 0.029 | ||||
< 60 | 94 (13.4) | 29 (8.6) | 29 (8.6) | 29 (8.6) | ||
60–69 | 104 (14.8) | 41 (12.2) | 39 (11.6) | 41 (12.2) | ||
70–79 | 206 (29.4) | 93 (27.6) | 97 (28.8) | 93 (27.6) | ||
≥ 80 | 297 (42.4) | 174 (51.6) | 172 (51.0) | 174 (51.6) | ||
BMI (%) | 0.265 | 0.144 | ||||
< 18.5 | 26 (3.7) | 26 (7.7) | 17 (5.0) | 26 (7.7) | ||
18.5–24.9 | 400 (57.1) | 214 (63.5) | 206 (61.1) | 214 (63.5) | ||
25–29.9 | 201 (28.7) | 74 (22) | 89 (26.4) | 74 (22.0) | ||
≥ 30 | 74 (10.6) | 23 (6.8) | 25 (7.4) | 23 (6.8) | ||
Diabetes (%) | 296 (42.2) | 143 (42.4) | 0.04 | 165 (48.9) | 143 (42.4) | 0.066 |
Hypertension (%) | 477 (68) | 241 (71.5) | 0.03 | 236 (70.0) | 241 (71.5) | 0.122 |
Coronary artery disease (%) | 455 (64.9) | 250 (74.2) | 0.134 | 241 (71.5) | 250 (74.2) | 0.013 |
Previous heart failure (%) | 247 (35.2) | 133 (39.5) | 0.031 | 134 (39.7) | 133 (39.5) | 0.049 |
Atrial fibrillation (%) | 284 (40.5) | 138 (40.9) | 0.045 | 129 (37.7) | 138 (40.9) | 0.018 |
Previous renal dysfunction (%) | 118 (16.8) | 90 (26.7) | 0.006 | 74 (21.9) | 90 (26.7) | 0.079 |
Cerebral infarction (%) | 134 (19.1) | 92 (27.3) | 0.06 | 71 (21.1) | 92 (27.3) | 0.028 |
Cancer (%) | 65 (9.3) | 50 (14.8) | 0.023 | 40 (11.8) | 50 (14.8) | 0.058 |
Cirrhosis (%) | 6 (0.9) | 6 (1.8) | 0.004 | 1 (0.3) | 6 (1.8) | 0.026 |
NYHA classification (%) | 0.021 | 0.094 | ||||
II | 186 (26.5) | 82 (24.3) | 75 (22.2) | 82 (24.3) | ||
III | 329 (46.9) | 165 (49) | 158 (46.9) | 165 (49.0) | ||
IV | 186 (26.5) | 90 (26.7) | 104 (30.9) | 90 (26.7) | ||
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (%) | 117 (16.7) | 53 (15.7) | 0.074 | 58 (17.2) | 53 (15.7) | 0.089 |
Orthopnoea (%) | 138 (19.7) | 58 (17.2) | 0.03 | 79 (23.4) | 58 (17.2) | 0.053 |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 82 (71, 100) | 83 (73, 100) | 0.025 | 82 (70, 99) | 83 (73, 100) | 0.025 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 127 (112, 146) | 128 (112, 148) | 0.036 | 129 (113, 148) | 128 (112, 148) | 0.035 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71 (62, 83) | 69 (59, 79) | 0.183 | 70 (60, 82) | 69 (59, 79) | 0.103 |
Rales (> 1/2 lung fields) (%) | 255 (36.4) | 135 (40.1) | 0.04 | 152 (45.1) | 135 (40.0) | 0.102 |
Jugular venous distension (%) | 119 (17) | 67 (19.9) | 0.074 | 76 (22.6) | 67 (19.9) | 0.065 |
Peripheral edema (%) | 434 (61.9) | 239 (70.9) | 0.069 | 229 (68.0) | 239 (70.9) | 0.064 |
LVEF (%) | 54 (43, 60) | 55 (45, 60) | 0.064 | 55 (45, 60) | 55 (45, 60) | 0.028 |
B-type natriuretic peptide (pg/ml) | 753 (319, 1606) | 817 (384, 2148) | 0.17 | 913 (363, 1775) | 817 (384, 2148) | 0.096 |
Troponin I(ng/ml) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.1) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.1) | 0.011 | 0.06 (0.05, 0.1) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.1) | 0.07 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 120.9 (24) | 106.2 (23.6) | 0.614 | 113.48 (23.67) | 106.24 (23.6) | 0.306 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 8 (3.65, 18.74) | 13.08 (4.29, 40.29) | 0.298 | 9.61 (4.07, 25.01) | 13.08 (4.29, 40.29) | 0.149 |
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 17.8 (11.9, 31.6) | 14.7 (9.8, 24.1) | 0.147 | 16.5 (11.3, 29.8) | 14.7 (9.8, 24.1) | 0.149 |
Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 14.5 (10.2, 21.5) | 12.7 (8.7, 18.9) | 0.101 | 13.2 (9.4, 18.9) | 12.7 (8.7, 18.9) | 0.011 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 8.1 (5.8, 11.4) | 8.7 (6.2, 13.4) | 0.166 | 8.6 (6.3, 12.6) | 8.7 (6.2, 13.4) | 0.016 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 93 (73.3, 122.1) | 98.4 (71.5, 144) | 0.263 | 99.1 (75.5, 131) | 98.4 (71.5, 144) | 0.131 |
Serum albumin (g/L) | 37.3 (35.3, 39.5) | 31.7 (29.2, 33.3) | 1.304 | 35.2 (34, 36.2) | 31.7 (29.2, 33.3) | 0.825 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 138.9 (136.2, 141.4) | 138.4 (135.6, 141.6) | 0.027 | 139.1 (136.2, 141.8) | 138.4 (135.6, 141.6) | 0.049 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.19 (3.87, 4.6) | 4.1 (3.74, 4.59) | 0.123 | 4.25 (3.89, 4.67) | 4.1 (3.74, 4.59) | 0.187 |
Uric acid (μmol/L) | 408 (312.9, 527.2) | 376 (275, 503) | 0.214 | 401.2 (312, 521.8) | 376 (275, 503) | 0.159 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.35 (5.85, 9.75) | 7.06 (5.67, 9.8) | 0.08 | 7.29 (5.85, 10.08) | 7.06 (5.67, 9.8) | 0.114 |
Aldosterone antagonists (%) | 542 (77.3) | 223 (66.2) | 0.057 | 256 (76.0) | 223 (66.2) | 0.217 |
Loop diuretic (%) | 655 (93.4) | 307 (91.1) | 0.153 | 314 (93.2) | 307 (91.1) | 0.077 |
ACE-Is/ARBs (%) | 297 (42.4) | 104 (30.9) | 0.065 | 136 (40.4) | 104 (30.9) | 0.199 |
Beta-blockers (%) | 496 (70.8) | 225 (66.8) | 0.037 | 233 (69.1) | 225 (66.8) | 0.051 |
Anticoagulants (%) | 227 (32.4) | 82 (24.3) | 0.071 | 103 (30.6) | 82 (24.3) | 0.14 |
Aspirin (%) | 301 (42.9) | 137 (40.7) | 0.069 | 134 (39.8) | 137 (40.7) | 0.018 |
Vasopressor (%) | 68 (9.7) | 28 (8.3) | 0.08 | 40 (11.9) | 28 (8.3) | 0.118 |
rh-BNP (%) | 34 (4.9) | 16 (4.7) | 0.005 | 11 (3.3) | 16 (4.7) | 0.076 |
NPPV (%) | 123 (17.5) | 95 ( 28.2) | 0.255 | 72 (21.4) | 95 (28.2) | 0.159 |