Table 1 Demographic characteristics and clinical data of the patients
Variables | SEC/LAAT group (n = 223) | SEC/LAAT-free group (n = 164) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Â | Â | Â |
Age (years), median (IQR) | 66 (60, 71) | 65 (58, 69) | 0.06 |
Age < 65 | 94 (42.2) | 81 (49.4) |  |
65 ≤ Age < 75 (%) | 105 (47.1) | 69 (42.1) |  |
Age ≥ 75 (%) | 24 (10.8) | 14 (8.5) |  |
Gender (male, %) | 100 (44.8) | 98 (59.8) | 0.37 |
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 25.0 ± 4.1 | 25.2 ± 3.1 | 0.73 |
Medical history | Â | Â | Â |
Smoking (%) | 21 (9.4) | 19 (11.6) | 0.72 |
Drinking (%) | 38 (17.0) | 26 (18.8) | 0.10 |
Non-Paroxysmal AF (%) | 168 (75.3) | 50 (30.5) |  < 0.05 |
Anticoagulants (%) | 103 (46.2) | 62 (37.8) | 0.08 |
Warfarin (%) | 21 (9.4) | 13 (7.9) | Â |
Rivaroxaban (%) | 36 (16.1) | 22 (13.4) | Â |
Dabigatran (%) | 46 (20.6) | 29 (17.7) | Â |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â |
Congestive heart failure (%) | 29 (13.0) | 4 (2.4) |  < 0.05 |
Hypertension (%) | 142 (63.7) | 92 (56.1) | 0.13 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 33 (14.8) | 19 (11.6) | 0.36 |
TIA/Stroke/embolism (%) | 21 (9.4) | 9 (5.5) | 0.15 |
Vascular disease (%) | 18 (8.1) | 16 (9.8) | 0.56 |
Predictive models, median (IQR) | Â | Â | Â |
CHA2DS2 score | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 0.01 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 0.01 |
0 (%) | 20 (9.0) | 73 (44.5) | Â |
1 (%) | 57 (25.6) | 24 (14.6) | Â |
2 (%) | 53 (23.8) | 49 (29.9) | Â |
 ≥ 3 (%) | 93 (41.7) | 18 (11.0) |  |
ATRIA score | 4 (1, 5) | 3 (1, 5) | 0.01 |
Laboratory test, median (IQR) | Â | Â | Â |
Platelet (109/l) | 175.8 ± 53.1 | 185.4 ± 55.4 | 0.09 |
WBC (109/l) | 5.8 (4.6, 6.7) | 5.5 (4.7, 6.7) | 0.66 |
Hemoglobin (g/l) | 141.0 (128.0, 152.0) | 140.0 (128.0, 151.0) | 0.64 |
NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 734.2 (313.0, 1447.0) | 201.2 (72.7, 462.4) |  < 0.05 |
Positive urine protein (%) | 2 (0.9) | 4 (2.4) | 0.42 |
Creatinine (umol/L) | 68.9 (58.8, 82.5) | 67.7 (57.8, 76.5) | 0.17 |
hs-CRP (mg/l) | 1.5 (0.7, 3.4) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.7) | 0.15 |
ALB (g/l) | 38.7 (36.9, 41.3) | 40.3 (38.2, 43.0) |  < 0.05 |
D-dimer | 0.22 (0.15, 0.35) | 0.22 (0.16, 0.35) | 0.33 |
Echocardiography, median (IQR) | Â | Â | Â |
LAD (mm) | 46.0 (43.0, 51.0) | 42.0 (39.0, 45.0) |  < 0.05 |
RAD (mm) | 41.0 (37.0, 46.0) | 37.0 (35.0, 40.0) |  < 0.05 |
IVSth (mm) | 9.0 (9.0, 10.0) | 9.0 (9.0, 10.0) | 0.58 |
LVDD (mm) | 50.0 (47.0, 53.0) | 49.0 (46.0, 52.0) | 0.02 |
LVEF (%) | 60.0 (55.0, 63.0) | 62.0 (59.0, 65.8) |  < 0.05 |
EDT (ms) | 180.0 (148.0, 211.0) | 191.5 (157.0, 232.0) | 0.01 |
LAA function, median (IQR) | Â | Â | Â |
LAAEV (cm/s) | 29.0 (22.0, 42.0) | 54.5 (40.0, 71.0) |  < 0.05 |
LAAFV (cm/s) | 37.0 (26.0, 51.0) | 51.0 (38.0, 67.5) |  < 0.05 |
LAAEF (%) | 41.0 (28.0, 59.0) | 87.5 (65.3, 95.0) |  < 0.05 |
LAAD (mm) | 20.0 (17.0, 23.0) | 18.0 (16.0, 21.0) |  < 0.05 |
LAAGPLS | 8.9 (6.1, 12.3) | 16.6 (13.1, 22.75) |  < 0.05 |