Table 1 Characteristics and results between low and high glucose patients
From: Effect of CPB glucose levels on inflammatory response after pediatric cardiac surgery
All patients (N = 7350) | Low glucose patients (N = 5821) | High glucose patients (N = 1529) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemography | ||||
Age of surgery, month | 37.53 (18.91–69.83) | 40.23 (20.70–72.00) | 28.73 (12.77–57.37) | < 0.001 |
Gender | ||||
Female | 3895 (52.99%) | 3096 (53.19%) | 799 (52.26%) | 0.517 |
Male | 3455 (47.01%) | 2725 (46.81%) | 730 (47.74%) | |
Surgery year | < 0.001 | |||
2012–2014 | 2713 (36.91%) | 1976 (33.95%) | 737 (48.20%) | |
2015–2017 | 2527 (34.38%) | 1999 (34.34%) | 528 (34.53%) | |
2018–2020 | 2110 (28.71%) | 1846 (31.71%) | 264 (17.27%) | |
Age category of surgery | 0.018 | |||
Infants | 2127 (28.94%) | 1491 (25.61%) | 636 (41.60%) | |
Toddlers and preschoolers | 3526 (47.97%) | 2902 (49.85%) | 624 (40.81%) | |
School age | 1415 (19.25%) | 1187 (20.39%) | 228 (14.91%) | |
Teenagers | 282 (3.84%) | 241 (4.14%) | 41 (2.68%) | |
Body surface area, m2 | 0.59 (0.47–0.75) | 0.60 (0.49–0.77) | 0.52 (0.42–0.68) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 15.19 (14.07–16.53) | 15.18 (14.07–16.49) | 15.27 (14.05–16.68) | 0.370 |
Preoperative hemoglobin | 128.00 (119.00–136.00) | 128.00 (119.00–136.00) | 128.00 (117.00–139.00) | 0.456 |
Residence altitude | 0.022 | |||
Low altitude | 5038 (68.54%) | 3953 (67.91%) | 1085 (70.96%) | |
High altitude | 2312 (31.46%) | 1868 (32.09%) | 444 (29.04%) | |
Inpatient Information | ||||
Hemodynamic pathology | < 0.001 | |||
Non cyanotic | 6262 (85.20%) | 5025 (86.33%) | 1237 (80.90%) | |
Cyanotic | 1088 (14.80%) | 796 (13.67%) | 292 (19.10%) | |
Extracardiac malformations | 0.746 | |||
Absence | 7053 (95.96%) | 5588 (96.00%) | 1465 (95.81%) | |
Presence | 297 (4.04%) | 233 (4.00%) | 64 (4.19%) | |
Genetic anomalies | 0.009 | |||
Non | 6964 (94.74%) | 5495 (94.40%) | 1469 (96.08%) | |
Presence | 386 (5.13%) | 326 (5.60%) | 60 (3.92%) | |
Clinical pathway implementation | < 0.001 | |||
Non | 1299 (17.67%) | 877 (15.07%) | 422 (27.60%) | |
Presence | 6051 (82.33%) | 4944 (84.93%) | 1107 (72.40%) | |
PAH | < 0.001 | |||
Non | 4585 (62.38%) | 3558 (61.12%) | 1027 (67.17%) | |
Presence | 2765 (37.62%) | 2263 (38.88%) | 502 (32.83%) | |
Surgical factors | ||||
Aorta crossclamp time, min | 34.00 (23.00–52.00) | 32.00 (22.00–45.00) | 51.00 (32.00–89.00) | < 0.001 |
Red cell need, U | 1.00 (0.00–2.00) | 1.00 (0.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–2.00) | < 0.001 |
Steroids need | < 0.001 | |||
No | 7052 (95.95%) | 5674 (97.47%) | 1378 (90.12%) | |
Yes | 298 (4.05%) | 147 (2.53%) | 151 (9.88%) | |
Glucose infusion | 0.072 | |||
No | 7179 (97.67%) | 5695 (97.84%) | 1484 (97.06%) | |
Yes | 171 (2.33%) | 126 (2.16%) | 45 (2.94%) | |
Insulin need | < 0.001 | |||
No | 6712 (91.32%) | 5821 (100.00%) | 891 (58.27%) | |
Yes | 638 (8.68%) | 0 (0.00%) | 638 (41.73%) | |
Aristotle complexity score | 6.00 (6.00–7.00) | 6.00 (6.00–7.00) | 6.00 (6.00–7.00) | 0.127 |
Aristotle complexity level | 0.003 | |||
Level 1 | 1197 (16.29% | 943 (16.20%) | 254 (16.61%) | |
Level 2 | 5020 (68.30%) | 4024 (69.13%) | 996 (65.14%) | |
Level 3 | 1005 (13.67%) | 762 (13.09%) | 243 (15.89%) | |
Level 4 | 128 (1.74%) | 92 (1.58%) | 36 (2.35%) | |
Exposure | ||||
Glucose, mmol/L | 6.40 (5.30–7.80) | 5.90 (5.10–6.80) | 9.60 (8.70–11.10) | < 0.001 |
Outcomes | ||||
Primary outcome | ||||
Severe SIRS | 1600 (21.77%) | 1003 (17.23%) | 597 (39.05%) | < 0.001 |
Secondary outcome | ||||
SIRS | 5637 (76.69%) | 2937 (75.40%) | 2700 (78.15%) | 0.005 |
Length of mechanical ventilation, hours | 3.15 (2.10–5.20) | 3.00 (2.00–4.44) | 4.40 (2.55–20.27) | < 0.001 |
ICU stay, hours | 22.08 (19.00–39.58) | 21.92 (18.83–23.83) | 22.75 (20.00–46.75) | < 0.001 |