Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients discharged with beta-blockers and without beta-blockers
Variables | Discharged with beta-blockers (N = 2049) | Discharged without beta-blockers (N = 470) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | |||
Age, years | 62.0 (52.0–70.0) | 64.0 (55.0–73.0) | < 0.001 |
Age ≥ 75 years | 295 (14.4%) | 101 (21.5%) | < 0.001 |
Male sex | 1624 (79.3%) | 378 (80.4%) | 0.613 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.3 (22.4–26.6) | 23.4 (21.5–25.7) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index ≥ 30.0 | 96 (4.9%)79 | 17 (3.7%) | 0.326 |
Onset time | 11.0 (4.0–48.0) | 12.0 (4.0–48.0) | 0.869 |
Risk factors–-no, % | |||
Hypertension | 1147 (56.0%) | 249 (53.0%) | 0.258 |
Diabetes mellitus | 643 (31.4%) | 138 (29.4%) | 0.407 |
Hyperlipidemia | 424 (20.7%) | 80 (17.0%) | 0.074 |
Cigarette smoking | 1337 (65.3%) | 316 (67.2%) | 0.420 |
Family history of CAD | 120 (5.9%) | 23 (4.9%) | 0.507 |
Medical history–-no, % | |||
Previous CAD | 61 (3.0%) | 10 (2.1%) | 0.357 |
Chronic kidney disease | 83 (4.1%) | 17 (3.6%) | 0.793 |
Previous stroke or TIA | 123 (6.0%) | 45 (9.6%) | 0.007 |
Atrial fibrillation | 70 (3.4%) | 29 (6.2%) | 0.005 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 21 (1.0%) | 2 (0.4%) | 0.288 |
Malignant tumor | 39 (1.9%) | 8 (1.7%) | 1.000 |
Myocardial infarction characteristics–-no, % | |||
STEMI | 1324 (64.6%) | 297 (63.2%) | 0.558 |
Anterior MI | 715 (54.0%) | 76 (25.6%) | < 0.001 |
Inferior/ Posterior MI | 639 (48.3%) | 221 (74.4%) | < 0.001 |
Other sites MI | 214 (16.2%) | 41 (13.8%) | < 0.001 |
Killip class ≥ II | 226 (11.0%) | 56 (11.9%) | 0.571 |
Coronary angiography | 1939 (94.6%) | 434 (92.3%) | 0.062 |
Thrombolytic therapy | 48 (2.3%) | 13 (2.8%) | 0.617 |
PTCA therapy | 63 (3.1%) | 18 (3.8%) | 0.386 |
PCI therapy | 1673 (81.6%) | 331 (70.4%) | < 0.001 |
PCI within 72 h | 1128 (55.1%) | 236 (50.2%) | 0.065 |
Other PCI | 545 (26.6%) | 95 (20.2%) | 0.004 |
Coronary artery bypass grafting | 2 (0.1%) | 2 (0.4%) | 0.160 |
Timely reperfusion therapy | 721 (35.2%) | 152 (32.3%) | 0.259 |
Total revascularization | 1685 (82.2%) | 333 (70.9%) | < 0.001 |
Presenting characteristics | |||
Admission heart rate (beats/min) | 79.0 (70.0–90.0) | 70.0 (60.0–78.0) | < 0.001 |
Heart rate > 110 beats/min | 69 (3.4%) | 6 (1.3%) | 0.015 |
Admission SBP (mm Hg) | 131.0 (115.0–149.0) | 123.5 (107.0–141.0) | < 0.001 |
Admission SBP < 90 mm Hg | 58 (2.8%) | 29 (6.2%) | 0.001 |
Admission DBP (mm Hg) | 79.0 (69.0–90.0) | 73.0 (64.0–82.0) | < 0.001 |
Peak CK-MB (ug/L) | 16.5 (3.6–55.6) | 13.6 (3.0–48.8) | 0.039 |
Peak troponin-I (ng/mL) | 1.24 (0.23–7.07) | 1.32 (0.22–6.81) | 0.986 |
HbA1c (%) | 6.1 (5.7–7.0) | 5.9 (5.6–6.6) | 0.004 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 5.4 (4.5–6.7) | 5.8 (4.6–7.1) | 0.001 |
Creatinine (umol/L) | 74.0 (63.0–88.0) | 76.0 (65.0–88.5) | 0.101 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 94.6 (76.6–107.6) | 92.0 (73.5–103.8) | 0.005 |
eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 | 246 (12.2%) | 52 (11.2%) | 0.634 |
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dl) | 2.75 (2.19–3.36) | 2.59 (2.06–3.08) | < 0.001 |
LVEF (%) | 58.0 (55.0–62.0) | 60.0 (56.0–63.0) | 0.001 |
Cardiac aneurysm | 28 (1.8%) | 6 (1.6%) | 1.000 |
Concomitant medication–-No, % | |||
Aspirin | 1905 (93.0%) | 425 (90.4%) | 0.065 |
Clopidogrel/ticagrelor | 2024 (98.8%) | 455 (96.8%) | 0.006 |
DAPT | 1888 (92.2%) | 413 (87.9%) | 0.004 |
Statin | 2023 (98.7%) | 463 (98.5%) | 0.656 |
ACEI/ ARB/ ARNI | 1528 (74.6%) | 264 (56.2%) | < 0.001 |
Oral anticoagulant | 34 (1.7%) | 11 (2.3%) | 0.333 |