Table 1 Comparisons of demographic and clinical characteristics between survivors and non-survivors

Age, years

58.6 ± 9.4

58.1 ± 9.3

59.3 ± 9.7

0.563

Male sex, n (%)

50 (53.8%)

26 (47.2%)

24 (63.2%)

0.131

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

105.3 ± 16.2

106.4 ± 15.3

103.7 ± 17.6

0.468

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

68.5 ± 10.4

68.8 ± 10.6

68.1 ± 10.3

0.784

Heart rate, bpm

82.0 ± 13.6

80.7 ± 13.9

83.8 ± 13.3

0.288

BMI, kg/m²

22.3 ± 3.0

21.8 ± 2.8

23.0 ± 3.2

0.077

Smoking, n (%)

34 (36.6%)

18 (32.7%)

16 (42.1%)

0.356

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m²

97.2 ± 32.6

98.6 ± 28.8

95.3 ± 37.9

0.661

NYHA class 3 or 4, n (%)

36 (38.7%)

13 (23.6%)

23 (60.5%)

0.001

NT-proBNP, median [IQR]

2514 [818–7545]

2449 [855–4615]

6261 [2112–8912]

0.006

Intact M protein, n (%)

37 (39.8%)

26 (47.3%)

11 (28.9%)

0.076

Intact M concentration, g/L, median [IQR]

4.7 [2.0–9.1]

3.7 [1.8–7.1]

6.9 [3.6–9.3]

0.454

Bone marrow plasma cells, %, median [IQR]

4.0 [2.3–10.0]

3.5 [2.5–9.6]

5.0 [2.0–10.5]

0.826

dFLC, mg/L, median [IQR]

216.2 [90–387]

198.5 [40.8–382]

241.5 [171.5–447]

0.535

Involved light chain type λ, n (%)

78 (83.9%)

45 (81.8%)

33 (86.8%)

0.517

Mayo stage 2004

0.141

 I, n (%)

11 (11.8%)

8 (14.5%)

3 (7.9%)

 II, n (%)

37 (39.8%)

25 (45.5%)

12 (31.6%)

 III, n (%)

45 (48.4%)

22 (40.0%)

23 (60.5%)

Mayo stage 2012

0.331

 I, n (%)

2(3.2%)

2(4.4%)

0(0)

 II, n (%)

9(14.2%)

8(17.8%)

1(5.6%)

 III, n (%)

26(41.3%)

19(42.2%)

7(38.9%)

 IV, n (%)

26(41.3%)

16(35.6%)

10(55.5%)

Treatment strategy

0.213

 Bortezomib based, n (%)

64 (68.8%)

39 (70.9%)

25 (65.8%)

 Melphalan based, n (%)

4 (4.3%)

2 (3.6%)

2 (5.3%)

 Immunomodulatory drugs based, n (%)

15 (16.1%)

9 (16.4%)

6 (15.8%)

 ASCT, n (%)

5 (5.4%)

4 (7.2%)

1 (2.6%)

 Others, n (%)

5 (5.4%)

1 (1.8%)

4 (10.5%)

Hematologic response

0.205

 Complete response, n (%)

36 (53.7%)

27 (61.4%)

9 (39.1%)

 Very good partial response, n (%)

14 (20.9%)

9 (20.5%)

5 (21.7%)

 Partial response, n (%)

13 (19.4%)

6 (13.6%)

7 (30.4%)

 No response, n (%)

4 (6.0%)

2 (4.5%)

2 (8.7%)

MAGGIC risk score

19.0 ± 5.6

18.1 ± 5.3

20.3 ± 5.9

0.073