Table 1 Characteristics and baseline values of patients

Gender n (%) Female

15 (29.40)

11 (22.00)

0.394

Male

36 (70.60)

39 (78.00)

Age (yr), median (IQR)

73.00 (67.00, 80.00)

73.00 (69.00, 80.00)

0.618

BMI (kg/m²), median (IQR)

23.89 (22.04, 25.39)

22.59 (20.43, 25.10)

0.108

Hemoglobin (g/L), mean ± SD

132.39 ± 18.34

123.76 ± 20.87

0.030

Creatinine (μmoI/L), median (IQR)

94.10 (76.30, 116.60)

104.20 (83.10, 118.70)

0.443

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²), median (IQR)

68.00 (57.40, 83.87)

59.78 (52.43, 82.57)

0.237

LVEF (%), median (IQR)

38.00 (33.30, 39.00)

38.00 (32.00, 39.00)

0.624

BNP (ng/L), median (IQR)

1169 (482.42, 2168.33)

1415.81 (501.80, 3056.70)

0.220

Hypotension, n (%)

37 (72.55)

38 (76.00)

0.692

Etiology of heart failure, n (%)

0.364

 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

1

0

 Alcoholic cardiomyopathy

0

1

 Hypertensive heart disease

1

2

 Coronary heart disease

36

38

 Dilated cardiomyopathy

10

4

 Valvular heart disease

3

5

Previous admission with heart failure, n (%)

44 (86.27)

44 (88.00)

1.000

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Hypertension

37 (72.55)

41 (82.00)

0.344

 Diabetes mellitus

26 (50.98)

29 (58.00)

0.479

 Cerebral stroke

5 (9.80)

7 (14.00)

0.554

 COPD

3 (5.88)

6 (12.00)

0.318

 Hyperlipidemia

5 (9.80)

7 (14.00)

0.554

Pre-admission medication

 ACEI/ARB/ARNI, n (%)

45 (88.24)

43 (86.00)

0.775

  Sacubitril/Valsartan

43 (84.31)

43 (86.00)

  Valsartan

1 (1.96)

0

  Enalapril

1 (1.96)

0

 β-blocker, n (%)

46 (90.20)

49 (98.00)

0.205

  Metoprolol

43 (84.31)

44 (88.00)

  Bisoprolol

2 (3.90)

1 (2.00)

  Carvedilol

1 (1.96)

4 (2.00)

 Spironolactone, n (%)

42 (82.35)

40 (80.00)

0.762

 Loop diuretic

37 (72.55)

39 (78.00)

0.141

  Torsemide

32 (62.75)

39 (78.00)

  Furosemide

5 (9.80)

0

Pre-admission medication dose

 ACEI/ARB/ARNI

  Sacubitril/Valsartan (mg, bid), median (IQR)

50 (50, 50) [n = 43]

50 (25, 50) [n = 43]

0.303

  Valsartan (mg, qd)

80 [n = 1]

– [n = 0]

–

  Enalapril (mg, qd)

10 [n = 1]

– [n = 0]

–

 β-blocker

  Metoprolol (mg, qd), median (IQR)

47.50 (23.75, 47.50) [n = 43]

47.50 (23.75, 47.50) [n = 44]

 > 0.999

  Bisoprolol (mg, qd)

5 [n = 2]

5 [n = 1]

–

  Carvedilol (mg, bid), median

10 [n = 1]

10 [n = 4]

–

 Spironolactone (mg, qd)

20 [n = 42]

20 [n = 40]

–

 Loop diuretic

  Torsemide (mg, qd), median (IQR)

20 (20, 20) [n = 32]

10 (10, 10) [n = 39]

 < 0.001

  Furosemide (mg, qd)

20 [n = 5]

– [n = 0]

–