Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Characteristic | ACEi/ARB | Available number | Non-ACEi/ARB | Available number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age (years), median (IQR) | 65 (57–73) | 538 | 66 (55–73) | 199 |
Male, n (%) | 358 (67) | 538 | 123 (62) | 199 |
BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 29.4 (26.2–34.0) | 489 | 29.3 (24.9–34.0) | 190 |
Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
Aboriginal | 7 (1) | 501 | 1 (1) | 191 |
Arab | 11 (2) | 501 | 4 (2) | 191 |
Black | 58 (12) | 501 | 48 (25) | 191 |
East Asian | 20 (4) | 501 | 10 (5) | 191 |
South Asian | 21 (4) | 501 | 13 (7) | 191 |
West Asian | 3 (1) | 501 | 1 (1) | 191 |
Latin American | 102 (20) | 501 | 17 (9) | 191 |
Other | 26 (5) | 501 | 14 (7) | 191 |
White | 253 (50) | 501 | 83 (43) | 191 |
Geographic region, n (%) | ||||
Africa | 19 (4) | 538 | 0 (0) | 199 |
Asia | 53 (10) | 538 | 37 (19) | 199 |
Australia | 6 (1) | 538 | 1 (1) | 199 |
Europe | 164 (30) | 538 | 57 (29) | 199 |
Latin America and the Caribbean | 102 (19) | 538 | 8 (4) | 199 |
Northern America | 194 (36) | 538 | 96 (48) | 199 |
Admission signs and symptoms | ||||
Heart rate (beats/minute), median (IQR) | 92 (80–105) | 510 | 92 (79–106) | 182 |
Systolic BP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 130 (114–148) | 508 | 127 (110–150) | 184 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 72 (62–82) | 508 | 70 (61–83) | 184 |
Respiratory rate (breaths/minute), median (IQR) | 25 (20–30) | 485 | 24 (20–30) | 177 |
Oxygen saturation (%), median (IQR) | 91 (84–95) | 511 | 94 (89–97) | 187 |
Cough, n (%) | 377 (75) | 502 | 127 (70) | 181 |
Fever, n (%) | 408 (79) | 514 | 140 (75) | 186 |
Malaise, n (%) | 275 (58) | 478 | 77 (44) | 175 |
Dyspnoea, n (%) | 433 (82) | 526 | 156 (82) | 190 |
Reported comorbidities | ||||
Smoking, n (%) | 166 (40) | 412 | 67 (44) | 151 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 250 (47) | 534 | 88 (45) | 197 |
Chronic cardiac disease, n (%) | 133 (25) | 534 | 59 (30) | 198 |
Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%) | 72 (13) | 536 | 41 (21) | 197 |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 80 (15) | 535 | 51 (26) | 197 |
Chronic neurological disorder, n (%) | 34 (6) | 534 | 17 (9) | 197 |
Severe liver disease, n (%) | 27 (5) | 536 | 21 (11) | 198 |
Malignant neoplasm, n (%) | 32 (6) | 535 | 13 (7) | 197 |
Reported use of anti-hypertensive drugs on admission | ||||
Diuretic, n (%) | 92 (20) | 458 | 46 (23) | 199 |
Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 113 (25) | 458 | 112 (56) | 199 |
β-blocker, n (%) | 111 (24) | 458 | 110 (55) | 199 |
α-blocker, n (%) | 6 (1) | 458 | 4 (2) | 199 |