Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all IE patients
All IE patients n = 90 (%) | Before ET patients n = 45 (%) | After ET patients n = 45 (%) | P value before ET patients versus after ET patients | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex, male | 66 (73) | 30 (67) | 36 (80) | 0.15 |
Age (years), median (IQR) | 65 (53–71) | 63 (51–70) | 66 (54–73) | 0.31 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Cardiac history | ||||
Moderate- to severe valvular disease | 9 (10) | 6 (13) | 3 (7) | 0.29 |
Prosthetic valve | 43 (48) | 23 (51) | 20 (44) | 0.33 |
CABG | 10 (11) | 4 (9) | 6 (13) | 0.50 |
Bentall | 12 (13) | 8 (18) | 4 (9) | 0.22 |
Congenital heart disease | 17 (19) | 10 (22) | 7 (16) | 0.42 |
Bicuspid aortic valve | 11 (12) | 7 (16) | 4 (9) | 0.33 |
Cardiac electronic device | 9 (10) | 5 (11) | 4 (9) | 0.73 |
Diabetes mellitus | 20 (22) | 8 (18) | 12 (27) | 0.31 |
Active cancer | 5 (6) | 4 (9) | 1 (2) | 0.17 |
Chronic renal failure | 4 (4) | 3 (7) | 1 (2) | 0.31 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 9 (10) | 7 (16) | 2 (4) | 0.08 |
Immunosuppressive therapy | 7 (8) | 4 (9) | 3 (7) | 0.69 |
Echocardiography | ||||
TTE performed | 82 (91) | 41 (91) | 41 (91) | 1.0 |
TTE result | ||||
Positive | 23 (28) | 12 (29) | 11 (27) | 0.81 |
Undetermined | 47 (57) | 24 (59) | 23 (56) | 0.82 |
Negative | 12 (15) | 5 (12) | 7 (17) | 0.53 |
TEE performed | 62 (69) | 30 (67) | 32 (71) | 0.65 |
TEE result | ||||
Positive | 44 (71) | 22 (73) | 22 (67) | 0.69 |
Undetermined | 10 (16) | 4 (13) | 6 (19) | 0.56 |
Negative | 8 (13) | 4 (13) | 4 (13) | 0.92 |
Vegetation seen on TTE or TEE | 56 (62) | 27 (60) | 29 (64) | 0.66 |
Intracardiac complication seen on TTE or TEE | 22 (24) | 11 (24) | 11 (24) | 1.0 |
Valve perforation | 8 (9) | 3 (7) | 5 (11) | 0.46 |
Aortic root abscess | 8 (9) | 5 (11) | 3 (7) | 0.46 |
Prosthetic valve dehiscence or paravalvular regurgitation | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1.0 |
Fistula | 1 (1) | 0 | 1 (2) | 0.32 |
Other diagnostics used | ||||
FDG PET-CT | 46 (51) | 22 (49) | 24 (53) | 0.67 |
CTangio aorta | 16 (18) | 9 (20) | 7 (16) | 0.58 |
Cardiac CT | 7 (8) | 4 (9) | 3 (7) | 0.69 |
CT Thorax and/or abdomen | 18 (20) | 9 (20) | 9 (20) | 1.0 |
CT brain | 15 (17) | 6 (13) | 9 (20) | 0.40 |
MRI brain | 14 (16) | 6 (13) | 8 (18) | 0.56 |
Type of valve infected | ||||
Native valve | 48 (53) | 22 (49) | 26 (58) | 0.40 |
Prosthetic valve | 43 (48) | 23 (51) | 20 (44) | 0.53 |
Biological valve | 24 (56) | 12 (52) | 12 (60) | 0.61 |
Mechanical valve | 17 (40) | 10 (44) | 7 (35) | 0.57 |
TAVI | 2 (5) | 1 (4) | 1 (5) | 0.92 |
Lead/patch involveda | 2 (2) | 0 | 2 (4) | 0.15 |
Aortic valve involved | 64 (71) | 32 (71) | 32 (71) | 1.0 |
Mitral valve involved | 29 (32) | 17 (38) | 12 (27) | 0.26 |
Tricuspid valve involved | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1.0 |
Pulmonary valve involved | 5 (6) | 3 (7) | 2 (4) | 0.65 |
Microbiology | ||||
Duration of antibiotic treatment (days) | 43 (42–53) | 42 (42–55) | 43 (37–49) | 0.67 |
Blood cultures positive | 76 (84) | 36 (80) | 40 (89) | 0.25 |
Pathogen in blood cultures | ||||
Staphylococcus aureus | 17 (22) | 8 (22) | 9 (23) | 0.98 |
Coagulase-negative Staphylococci | 4 (5) | 3 (8) | 1 (3) | 0.26 |
Streptococci | 40 (53) | 19 (53) | 21 (53) | 0.98 |
Enterococci | 6 (8) | 3 (8) | 3 (8) | 0.73 |
HACEK group | 2 (3) | 0 | 2 (5) | 0.17 |
Other | 7 (9) | 3 (8) | 4 (10) | 0.80 |