Table 2 Literature review of case reports of LM compression due to dilated PA causing angina
From: Eisenmenger syndrome with left main compression syndrome: a case report
Author/Year | Patient | Aetiology of PH | Diagnostic modalities | Management | Outcome/follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yusuke Jo, Akio Kawamura. 1987 [33] | Female, 42Â years old. Atypical angina | Secundum ASD, PH | MSCT: MPA diameter 47Â mm Angiography: significant LM stenosis | Surgical ASD closure | Resolution of stenosis and reduced PA diameter after 4Â months |
Diana Bonderman, Dominik Fleischmann. 2002 [34] | Female, 62Â years old Atypical angina | CTEPH | MSCT: dilated MPA Angiography: ostial stenosis of LM | Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy | Size regression of PA and compression resolved, no further diagnostic follow-up |
Susana Gomez Varela, Pedro M. Montes Orbe. 2004 [8] | Female, 31Â years old. Atypical angina | Suspected primary PH | MSCT: dilated MPA MRI: dilated MPA, diameter 40Â mm Angiography: 80% stenosis ostium LM | Continuous apoprotein infusion and PCI | Complete remission of symptoms, no diagnostic follow-up |
Jonathan D. Dodd, Andrew Maree. 2007 [35] | Male, 28Â years old. Atypical angina | PDA, Eisenmenger syndrome | MSCT: dilated MPA Angiography: severe LM stenosis | PCI | Follow-up 4Â months after the procedure showed no recurrence of angina |
Morteza Safi, Vahid Eslami. 2008 [36] | Female, 64Â years old. Atypical angina | Sarcoidosis, CTEPH | MSCT: dilated MPA, RA thrombus | Embolectomy | N/A |
Angel E. Caldera, Ignacio Cruz-Gonzalez. 2009 [37] | Female, 48Â years old. Atypical angina | Post-surgical PDA, Eisenmenger syndrome | MSCT: MPA diameter 63Â mm Angiography: severe ostial and proximal stenosis of LMCA | IVUS-guided PCI | Symptoms improvement and CT evaluation after 6Â months revealed patent stent |
Tomoharu Kawase, Hironori Ueda. 2010 [38] | Male, 43Â years old. Typical angina | Group 3 PH | MSCT: dilated MPA Angiography: severe stenosis of LM | IVUS-guided PCI | Angiography evaluation after 3Â months showed good stent position |
Tobias Koppara, Julinda Mehilli. 2011 [2] | Female, 16Â years old. Typical angina | Perimembranous VSD, Eisenmenger syndrome | MRI: dilated MPA Angiography: severe LM stenosis | PCI | Follow-up 6Â months after the procedure showed no recurrence of angina, no further diagnostic follow-up |
Carlo Pace Naopleone, Emanuela Angeli. 2012 [30] | Female, 45Â years old. Typical angina | Sinus venosus ASD, PH | MSCT: MPA diameter 42Â mm Angiography: isolated LM stenosis | Surgical correction (ASD closure, reduction plasty of pulmonary trunk) | CT evaluation confirmed relief of LM compression, follow-up 6Â months after the procedure showed no recurrence of angina |
Kristina Andjelkovic, Dimitra Kalinovska. 2013 [20] | Female, 37Â years old. Dyspnoea | Primum ASD, Eisenmenger syndrome | TTE: MPA diameter 43Â mm Angiography: significant LM stenosis | IVUS-guided PCI | No further diagnostic follow-up |
Kothandam Sivakumar, Francis Gnanapragasam. 2014 [9] | Male, 58Â years old. Typical angina | PDA, Eisenmenger syndrome | TTE: dilated MPA Angiography: stenosis of LM | PCI | CT evaluation after 6Â months showed patent stent in LM |
Luciana F. Seabra, Henrique B. 2015 [19] | Female, 39Â years old. Typical angina | Idiopathic PAH | MSCT: MPA diameter 44Â mm Angiography: LMCA critical obstruction | IVUS-guided PCI | No further diagnostic follow-up |
K. Chernichka, N. Danilov. 2015 [39] | Female, 32Â years old. Typical angina | Idiopathic PAH | MSCT: MPA diameter 47Â mm Angiography: significant LM stenosis | Conservative with PH therapy | N/A |
Eduardo Belisario Falchetto, Jamil Abdalla Saad. 2015 [40] | Male, 66Â years old. Atypical angina | Schistosomiasis | MSCT: MPA diameter 80.4Â mm Angiography: severe LM stenosis | IVUS-guided PCI | CT evaluation after 8Â months showed well-positioned stent |
Kadhem Albadri, Jesper M. Jensen. 2015 [41] | Female, 49Â years old. Typical angina | Idiopathic PAH | TTE: MPA diameter 42Â mm MSCT: dilated MPA Angiography: severe osteal LMCA stenosis | IVUS-guided PCI | Completely resolved symptoms, no further diagnostic follow-up |
Ryutaro Ikegami, Kauzuyuki Ozaki. 2017 [42] | Female, 65Â years old. Typical angina | ASD, Eisenmenger syndrome | MSCT: dilated MPA Angiography: ostium LM stenosis | IVUS-guided PCI | CT evaluation after 3Â months confirmed stent patency. Angiography evaluation after 6Â months showed neither compression nor restenosis |
Lara Teixeira de Araujo, Pammela Jacomeli Lembi. 2018 [43] | Male, 54Â years old Typical angina | Portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) secondary to alcoholic liver cirrhosis | MSCT: dilated MPA Angiography: severe osteal LM stenosis | PCI | Significant improvement in symptoms and functional capacity, no further diagnostic follow-up |
Ibrahim Basarici. 2020 [44] | Female, 39Â years old. Atypical angina | PDA, PH | MSCT: dilated MPA Angiography: complete LM stenosis | Scheduled for CABG and PA aneurysm repair, but refused and only given PH therapy | N/A |