Table 1 Common complications of Eisenmenger syndrome. [3, 31, 32]
From: Eisenmenger syndrome with left main compression syndrome: a case report
No | Complications | Signs and symptoms |
|---|---|---|
1 | Secondary erythrocytosis | Hyperviscosity symptoms |
2 | Haemostasis abnormalities (increased risk in both bleeding and thrombosis) | Pulmonary bleeding (rupture of hypertrophied bronchial arteries) Pulmonary embolism Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Stroke or brain abscess |
3 | Arrhythmias | Ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia [VT] or ventricular fibrillation [VF]) Supraventricular arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation [AF] or atrial flutter [Afl]) |
4 | Endocarditis | Fever |
5 | Mechanical complications Compression of LMCA | Chest pain (angina-like or not) |
6 | PA aneurysms, rupture and dissection | Acute dyspnoea on exertion Haemodynamic decompensation Sudden death |
7 | Compression of intrathoracic structures (recurrent laryngeal nerves) | Hoarseness |
8 | Cerebral hypoperfusion due to low cardiac output | Syncope |
9 | Renal dysfunction | Reduced urine output Hyperuricaemia |