Table 3 Clinical Characteristics of Patients with and without MACE (Cohort B)
All (n = 495) | MACE (n = 91) | No MACE (n = 404) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 68.9 ± 10.6 | 70.5 ± 10.5 | 68.5 ± 10.7 | 0.1 |
Men | 253 (51.1) | 49 (53.9) | 204 (50.5) | 0.56 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.6 ± 4.4 | 25.9 ± 4.2 | 26.8 ± 4.4 | 0.08 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 137.0 ± 19.9 | 137.4 ± 22.8 | 136.9 ± 19.1 | 0.84 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 73.0 ± 12.0 | 69.9 ± 11.7 | 73.7 ± 12.0 | 0.01 |
Heart rate, beats/minute | 77.1 ± 13.7 | 76.8 ± 14.4 | 77.1 ± 13.6 | 0.83 |
CAD risk factors | ||||
Hypertension | 449 (90.7) | 86 (94.5) | 363 (89.9) | 0.17 |
Hyperlipidemia | 406 (82.0) | 81 (89.0) | 325 (80.5) | 0.06 |
Diabetes mellitus | 283 (57.2) | 59 (64.8) | 224 (55.4) | 0.1 |
Cigarette smoking | 91 (18.4) | 23 (25.3) | 68 (16.8) | 0.06 |
Clinical history | ||||
History of CAD | 143 (28.9) | 52 (57.1) | 91 (22.5) | < 0.001 |
History of myocardial infarction | 25 (5.1) | 9 (9.9) | 16 (4.0) | 0.03 |
Prior revascularization | 99 (20.0) | 36 (39.6) | 63 (15.6) | < 0.001 |
History of heart failure | 55 (11.1) | 25 (27.5) | 30 (7.4) | < 0.001 |
Medications | ||||
ACEI or ARB | 231 (46.7) | 51 (56.0) | 180 (44.6) | 0.04 |
Antiplatelet | 267 (53.9) | 59 (64.8) | 208 (51.5) | 0.02 |
Beta blocker | 250 (50.5) | 50 (55.0) | 200 (49.5) | 0.35 |
Calcium channel blocker | 160 (32.3) | 27 (29.7) | 133 (32.9) | 0.55 |
Statin | 277 (56.0) | 59 (64.8) | 218 (54.0) | 0.06 |
ECGa | ||||
QRS axis, degree | 25.4 ± 37.7 | 22.2 ± 35.7 | 26.1 ± 38.1 | 0.46 |
No ECG abnormality | 156 (31.5) | 21 (23.1) | 135 (33.4) | 0.06 |
Major ECG abnormality | 185 (37.4) | 56 (61.5) | 129 (31.9) | < 0.001 |
Q-Qs wave | 76 (15.4) | 25 (27.5) | 51 (12.6) | < 0.001 |
LV hypertrophy | 43 (8.7) | 17 (18.7) | 26 (6.4) | < 0.001 |
Complete bundle branch/IVB | 38 (7.7) | 6 (6.6) | 32 (7.9) | 0.67 |
Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 12 (2.4) | 6 (6.6) | 6 (1.5) | 0.01 |
Major ST-T changes | 64 (12.9) | 25 (27.5) | 39 (9.7) | < 0.001 |
Minor ECG abnormality | 154 (31.1) | 14 (15.4) | 140 (34.7) | < 0.001 |
Minor ST-T changes | 95 (19.2) | 11 (12.1) | 84 (20.8) | 0.06 |
Minor/isolated Q wave | 86 (17.4) | 6 (6.6) | 80 (19.8) | 0.003 |
CMR | ||||
LV end diastolic volume index, ml/m2 | 77.6 ± 26.7 | 91.9 ± 37.6 | 74.4 ± 22.5 | < 0.001 |
LV end systolic volume index, ml/m [2] | 29.3 ± 26.6 | 45.0 ± 38.3 | 25.7 ± 21.7 | < 0.001 |
LV ejection fraction, % | 66.5 ± 15.0 | 58.2 ± 19.9 | 68.4 ± 13.0 | < 0.001 |
LV mass index, g/m2 | 53.1 ± 17.4 | 62.0 ± 21.0 | 51.0 ± 15.8 | < 0.001 |
Myocardial ischemia | 153 (30.9) | 49 (53.9) | 104 (25.7) | < 0.001 |
Late gadolinium enhancement | 146 (29.4) | 51 (56.0) | 95 (23.5) | < 0.001 |