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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population with and without diagonal earlobe crease (n = 655)

From: Diagonal earlobe crease and long-term survival after myocardial infarction

 

Total

DEC grade 0/1

 

DEC grade 2/3

p value

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Age

67.95

10.78

62.43

11.60

70.60

9.26

< 0.0001

C-reactive protein

1.85

8.88

1.81

4.46

1.87

5.27

0.0287

 

n

%

n

%

n

%

p value

Gender

       

Male

490

74.81

180

84.51

310

70.14

< 0.0001

Female

165

25.19

33

15.49

132

29.86

 

Risk factors

       

Smoking

       

 Current smoker

181

27.72

80

37.74

101

22.90

0.0003

 Ex smoker

241

36.91

65

30.66

176

39.91

 

 Never smoker

231

35.38

67

31.60

164

37.19

 

Hypertension

529

80.76

159

74.65

370

83.71

0.0058

Diabetes

233

35.57

75

35.21

158

35.75

0.8934

Hyperlipidemia

428

65.34

127

59.62

301

68.10

0.0327

Coronary heart disease

194

29.62

50

23.47

144

32.58

0.0168

Heart failure

73

11.15

16

7.51

57

12.90

0.0402

Renal failure

90

13.74

14

6.57

76

17.19

0.0002

COPD

47

7.18

14

6.57

33

7.47

0.6782

Angina pectoris

90

13.74

22

10.33

68

15.38

0.7830

PAOD

85

13.00

21

9.91

64

14.48

0.1035

Stroke

67

10.23

12

8.92

48

10.86

0.4429

Obesity (BMI > 30)

183

27.94

57

26.76

126

28.51

0.6408

Xantelasmata

       

 Yes

18

2.75

4

1.89

14

3.17

0.3762

 No

625

95.57

206

97.17

419

94.80

 

 Unclear

11

1.68

2

0.94

9

2.04

 

AMI characteristics

       

Reinfarction

148

22.60

41

19.25

107

24.21

0.1551

STEMI

229

34.96

84

39.44

145

32.81

0.0049

NSTEMI

331

50.53

113

53.05

218

49.32

 

Bundle branch block

69

10.53

12

5.63

57

12.90

 

Not determined

26

3.97

4

1.88

22

4.98

 

1-vessel disease

167

26.13

59

27.96

108

25.23

0.1543

2-vessel disease

190

29.73

71

33.65

119

27.80

 

3-vessel disease

265

41.47

76

36.02

189

44.16

 

Main artery disease

14

2.19

3

1.42

11

2.57

 

Diffuse stenosis or absence of coronary artery disease

3

0.47

2

0.95

1

0.23

 

AMI treatment and outcome

       

Any recanalization therapy

592

90.38

193

90.61

399

90.27

0.8904

PTCA

524

80.00

174

81.89

350

79.19

0.4528

CABG

74

11.3

22

10.33

52

11.76

0.5865

LVEF

      

0.0243

> 50%

357

54.75

133

62.44

224

51.03

 

41–50%

122

18.71

40

18.78

82

18.68

 

31–40%

95

14.57

22

10.33

73

16.63

 

≤ 30%

45

6.90

12

5.63

33

7.52

 

Undetermined

33

5.06

6

2.82

27

6.15

 

Stenting

367

78.92

129

81.13

238

77.78

0.4002

Number of stents

       

 1

184

50.27

57

44.19

127

53.59

0.3322

 2

114

31.15

44

34.11

70

29.54

 

 3

41

11.20

18

13.95

23

9.70

 

 > 3

27

7.38

10

7.75

17

7.17

 

Any in-hospital complication*

98

14.96

26

12.21

72

16.29

0.1700

  1. DEC diagonal ear lobe crease, HISIHD history of ischemic heart disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PAOD peripheral arterial occlusive disease, STEMI ST-elevation myocardial infarction, NSTEMI non ST-elevation myocardial infarction, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction
  2. *Shock, stroke, bleading, brady/tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, lung edema
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